RASPBERRY RUBUS IDAEUS

RASPBERRY (Rubus idaeus L.) ++

Synonyms :
R. buschii (Rozanova) Grossh., R. idaeus var. vulgatus Arrh., R. vulgatus var. buschii Rozanova.

Activities (Raspberry) :
Anticancer (1; JNU); Anticholinesterase (1; CAN); Antiinflammatory (1; FAD); Antipyretic (f; EFS); Antiseptic (f; PED); Antispasmodic (1; APA; CAN; PED); Antiviral (1; CAN); Astringent (1; CAN; CEB; FAD; PH2); Choleretic (f; KOM); Depurative (f; APA; KOM; PH2); Diaphoretic (f; KOM); Diuretic (f; KOM); Hemostat (1; APA); Laxative (f; PH2); Myostimulant (1; CAN); Postparturient (f; CAN); Stimulant (f; PED); Tonic (f; APA); Uterorelaxant (1; APA; FAD; PNC); Uterotonic (1; APA; FAD).

Indications (Raspberry) :
Biliousness (f; DEM); Bleeding (1; APA); Boil (f; DEM); Cancer (1; JLH; JNU); Cancer, colon (1; JLH); Cancer, mouth (1; JLH); Cancer, stomach (1; JLH); Cancer, throat (1; JLH); Canker (f; APA; MIC); Cardiopathy (f; PHR; PH2); Cataract (f; DEM); Childbirth (f; CEB; DEM; PH2); Cholera (f; CEB); Cold (1; SKY); Condyloma (f; JLH); Conjunctivosis (f; APA; CAN); Constipation (f; DEM; PH2); Cough (f; APA); Cramp (1; APA; CAN; FAD; PED); Dementia (1; JNU); Dentition (f; DEM); Dermatosis (f; APA; KOM); Diabetes (f; KOM); Diarrhea (1; APA; FAD; MIC; SKY); Dysentery (1; FAD); Dysmenorrhea (1; APA; CEB; FAD); Dysuria (f; DEM); Enterosis (1; APA; JLH; KOM; PH2); Fever (f; CEB; EFS; KOM); Fever Blister (f; APA); Flu (1; KOM; PED); Gastrosis (f; JLH; KOM; PH2); Gonorrhea (f; CEB; DEM); Gravel (f; CEB); Heartburn (f; DEM); Hematuria (f; DEM); Hemoptysis (f; CEB); Hemorrhoid (1; APA); High Blood Pressure (f; DEM); Inflammation (1; APA; FAD); Lethargy (f; DEM); Low Blood Pressure (f; DEM); Measles (f; DEM); Metrorrhagia (1; APA); Morning Sickness (f; APA); Nausea (PED); Nephrosis (f; DEM); Ophthalmia (f; DEM); Parturition (1; FAD; PED); Pharyngosis (f; APA; PHR); Phthisis (f; CEB); Pregnancy (f; APA; SKY); Prostatosis (f; APA); Pulmonosis (f; KOM); Respirosis (f; PHR; PH2); Rheumatism (f; DEM); Sore (f; DEM); Sore Throat (1; APA; CEB; KOM; MIC; PH2; SKY); Stomach (f; MIC); Stomachache (f; DEM); Stomatosis (1; APA; JLH; PHR; PH2 KOM; MIC); Tonsilosis (1; FAD); Toothache (f; DEM); Ulcer (f; APA); Uterosis (f; CEB); VD (f; CEB; DEM); Virus (1; CAN); Wart (f; JLH); Water Retention (f; KOM); Wound (1; APA).

Dosages (Raspberry) :
1–2 tsp crushed leaf/cup water to 6 ×/day (APA; SKY; WIC); 1.5 g finely cut leaf (PHR); 0.25–0.5 cup fresh leaf (PED); 6–12 g dry leaf (PED); 4–8 g dry leaf, or in tea, 3 ×/day (CAN); 9 g dry leaf:45 ml alcohol/45 ml water (PED); 2–10 ml liquid leaf extract (PNC); 4–8 ml liquid leaf extract (1:1 in 25% ethanol) 3 ×/day (CAN; SKY); 1–3 (384 mg) leaf capsules 3 ×/day (APA).

Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (Raspberry) :
Class 1 (AHP). Should not be used during pregnancy, and, if taken during labor, should only be done under medical supervision. Still, raspberry leaf is widely recommended to be taken during pregnancy to help facilitate easier parturition. Unsuitable to use as an herbal remedy to treat eye infections such as conjunctivitis (CAN). While I thought of raspberry as astringent and maybe even binding, Lininger et al. (1998) say it may cause mild loosening of stools and nausea (SKY).

Extracts (Raspberry) :
Extract appears to relax uterus only in pregnant rats and humans; inactive on nonpregnant uterus (PNC). Contrasts with CAN, who says that uteroactivity has been documented for a leaf infusion in both pregnant and nonpregnant rat and human uteri (CAN). Anthocyanins and polyphenols in berries of several Ribes, Rubus, and Vaccinium spp. have in vitro antiradical activity on chemically generated superoxide radicals. The extracts also inhibitor xanthine oxidase. All crude extracts were highly active toward chemically generated superoxide radicals. Ribes nigrum extracts exhibited most activity, being the richest in both anthocyanins and polyphenols. But Ribes rubrum extracts seem to contain more active substances (X1332092). The 10–12% tannins in the leaves make this tea competitive with the better publicized green tea for cancer and cardiopathy. And I suspect that the wild strains would be even better endowed, with the anticancer and cardioprotective polyphenols, than the cultivated raspberries.