EUROPEAN ELDER SAMBUCUS NIGRA

EUROPEAN ELDER (Sambucus nigra L.) +++

Synonyms :
- S. nigra f. alba (Weston) Rehder, f. aurea (Sweet) Schwer., f. lanciniata (L.) Zabel, and f. pendula Dippel.

Activities (European Elder) :
- Alterative (f; PNC); Analgesic (f; MAD); Antiinflammatory (1; APA; BGB; PNC; SKY); Antipyretic (f; MAD); Antiviral (1; AKT; BGB; SHT; WAM); Bronchostimulant (2; BGB; KOM; PH2; PIP); Carminative (f; FAD); Depurative (f; EFS; SKJ); Diaphoretic (2; APA; BGB; EFS; PIP; WAM); Diuretic (1; APA; BGB; PNC; PH2); Emetic (f; EFS; FAD; SKJ); Emollient (f; MAD); Expectorant (1; APA; EFS; SHT); Lactagogue (f; PHR; PH2); Laxative (1; APA; EFS); Mucolytic (1; SHT); Phagocytotic (1; HH2); Secretagogue (2; KOM; PH2); Stimulant (f; APA); Stomachic (f; EFS).

Indications (European Elder) :
- Arthrosis (f; APA; MAD); Asthma (f; SKJ); Boil (f; FAD); Bronchosis (2; MAD; PHR; PH2); Bruise (f; FAD); Burn (f; CEB); Cancer (f; CEB); Cancer, breast (f; JLH); Cancer, liver (f; JLH); Cancer, prepuce (f; JLH); Cancer, skin (f; JLH); Cancer, spleen (f; JLH); Cancer, stomach (f; JLH); Cancer, uterus (f; JLH); Catarrh (1; BGB; MAD; SHT); Chill (f; APA); Cold (2; APA; KOM; PH2; PNC; WAM); Condyloma (f; JLH); Constipation (1; APA; EFS; HH2); Cough (2; PHR; PH2); Cramp (f; MAD); Dermatosis (f; CEB; JLH); -Dropsy (f; MAD); Dyslactea (f; HH2); Dyspnea (1; HH2; PHR; PH2); Eczema (f; FAD); Edema (f; JLH; MAD; PHR); Epilepsy (f; FEL; MAD); Erysipelas (f; CEB); Exanthema (f; MAD); Fever (2; APA; BGB; EFS; MAD; PHR; PH2; PIP; WAM); Flu (1; AKT; APA; BGB; PH2; PNC; WAM); Gas (f; FAD); Gastrosis (f; JLH); Gout (f; SKJ); Headache (f; FAD); Head Cold (1; PHR; PH2); Hepatosis (f; JLH; MAD); Herpes (1; SKY); Hoarseness (f; MAD); Induration (f; JLH); Inflammation (1; AKT; APA; BGB; PHR; PH2; PNC; SKY); Influenza (1; SHT); Ischiosis (f; MAD); Laryngosis (f; MAD; PHR; PH2); Myalgia (f; MAD); Neuralgia (f; MAD; SKJ); Neurosis (f; HH2); Nightmare (f; MAD); Nipple (f; CEB); Obesity (f; APA; CEB); Otosis (f;
MAD); Pain (f; FAD; MAD); Pneumonia (f; MAD); Pulmonosis (f; MAD); Respirosis (1; AKT; PH2); Rheumatism (f; APA; MAD; SKJ); Scabies (f; MAD); Scarlet Fever (f; MAD); Sclerosis (f; JLH); Scrofula (f; MAD); Sinusosis (1; AKT; SHT); Sore (f; FAD); Sore Throat (1; AKT; CEB; SKY); Splenosis (f; JLH; MAD); Stomatosis (f; CEB); Swelling (f; FAD; PH2); Toothache (f; MAD); Uterosis (f; JLH); Virus (1; AKT; BGB; SHT; WAM); Wart (f; JLH); Water Retention (1; APA; BGB; MAD; PNC; PH2); Wen (f; JLH); Worm (f; CEB).  

Dosages (European Elder) :
- 2 tsp flowers/cup water several ×/day (APA); 2 - 4 g dry flower (PNC); 2 - 5 g dry flower as tea 3 ×/day (CAN; SKY); 2 - 4 ml liquid flower extract (1:1 in 25% ethanol) 3 ×/day (CAN); 5 - 15 g fluid (KOM; MAD); 1.5 - 3 g fluid extract (KOM); 2.5 - 7.5 g tincture (KOM); 2 - 10 ml liquid extract 1 - 2 ×/day (PNC; SKY).

Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (European Elder) :
- Class 1 (AHP). None reported (KOM; PIP). Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages (PH2). Raw unripe fruits and other parts contain the cyanogenic sambunigrin, which in excess, can cause diarrhea and/or vomiting. Excessive use of diuretics may result in hypokalemia. If antineuraminidase activity of berry extracts can be confirmed, this might be viewed as a potential competitor for the new 1999 drug Relenza?. The berry extracts have long been recommended for flu.