CINCHONA QUININE REDBARK

CINCHONA, QUININE, REDBARK (Cinchona pubescens Vahl) +

Synonym :
- C. succirubra Pav. ex Klotzsch.
USDA prefers this species be called redbark; and that C. callisaya be called quinine, or yellowbark,
or yellow cinchona, or yellow quinine. Both seem to share many morphological, chemical, and
folkloric attributes. They are probably pretty tough to distinguish when reduced to powdered bark.
Consider the entries below as likely to accrue to one as the other. FEL entries below are sometimes
based on medical uses of quinine at the beginning of the 20th century.

Activities (Cinchona) :
- Abortifacient (1; FEL; WO2); Analgesic (1; CRC; PNC; WO2); Anesthetic (f; CRC); Anthelminthic (1; FNF; JAD); Antiarrhythmic (f; CRC); Antibacterial (1; WO2); Antiinflammatory (f; HAD); Antimalarial (1; CRC; PNC); Antiperiodic (f; CRC); Antipyretic (1; CRC; FNF; JAD); Antiseptic (1; CRC; FNF; MPI); Antitumor (1; JFM); Aperitif (2; HHB; KOM); Astringent (1; CRC; FNF; HHB); Bitter (2; CRC; JAD; SHT); Cardiodepressant (1; PNC; WO2); Cardiotonic (1; 60P); CNS-Depressant (1; WO2); Contraceptive (f; CRC); Dentifrice (f; CRC); Digestive (f; 60P); Gastrostimulant (2; KOM); Hypoglycemic (1; WO2); Hypotensive (1; WO2); Insecticide (f; CRC); Oxytocic (1; CRC; WO2); Schizonticide (f; CRC); Sialagogue (2; KOM; PH2); Stimulant (f; WO2); Stomachic (f; CRC; HHB); Teratogenic (1; WO2); Tonic (f; CRC; 60P); Uterotonic (f; CRC).

Indications (Cinchona) :
- Adenopathy (f; CRC; JLH); Ague (f; FEL); Alcoholism (1; PH2); Allergy (f; FEL; MPI); Alopecia (f; CRC); Amebiasis (f; CRC; WO2); Anemia (f; FEL; HHB; PH2); Anorexia (2; HHB; KOM; PHR; PH2); Arrhythmia (1; CRC; WO2); Arthrosis (f; 60P); Asthma (f; HHB); Bacteria (1; WO2); Bleeding (1; HHB); Cachexia (f; FEL); Cancer (1; CRC; JFM; JLH; PHR; PH2); Cancer, breast (f; CRC); Cancer, gland (f; CRC; JLH); Cancer, liver (f; CRC); Cancer, mesentery (f; CRC); Cancer, spleen (f; CRC); Carcinomata (f; CRC); Cardiopathy (f; CRC); Catarrh (f; MPI); Childbirth (f; FEL); Chill (f; 60P); Chlorosis (f; FEL); Cold (1; CRC; PNC; 60P); Conjunctivosis (f; FEL); Cough (f; WO2); Cramp (1; CRC; PH2; PNC; 60P); Debility (f; FEL; GMH; PH2); Dermatosis (f; PH2); Diabetes (1; WO2); Diarrhea (f; CRC; PH2; 60P); Diphtheria (f; FEL); Dysentery (1; CRC; MPI; WO2); Dyspepsia (2; FEL; KOM; PHR; PH2; 60P); Elephantiasis (f; WO2); Erysipelas (f; FEL); Felon (f; CRC; JLH); Fever (1; CRC; FNF; JAD; PH2); Flu (1; CRC; PH2; PNC; WO2); Gas (2; PHR; PH2); Gastrosis (f; PHR); Gonorrhea (f; FEL); Hangover (f; CRC); Headache (f; FEL;
WO2); Heart (1; MPG); Heatstroke (f; FEL); Hemicrania (f; MPI); Hemorrhoid (1; CRC; WO2); Hepatosis (f; JLH); Hiccup (f; CRC); High Blood Pressure (1; WO2); Hydrocele (f; CRC); Hyperglycemia (1; WO2); Infection (1; MPI); Inflammation (f; HAD; PH2); Lumbago (f; CRC); Malaria (2; CRC; FNF; PHR; PH2; PNC; 60P); Metastasis (f; JLH); Myalgia (f; FEL); Myotonia (1; WO2); Neuralgia (f; CRC; FEL; HHB; MPI; PH2); Neurosis (f; CRC; PH2); Pain (1; CRC; FEL; PH2; PNC; WO2); Palpitation (1; MPG); Pertussis (f; CRC; HHB; MPI); Pinworm (f; CRC; WO2); Pneumonia (f; FEL; CRC; MPI); Pyemia (f; MPI); Rash (f; PH2); Respirosis (f; PH2); Rheumatism (f; FEL; MPI); Rhinosis (f; MPI); Sciatica (f; CRC; PH2); Septicemia (f; CRC); Sore (f; JLH; PHR; PH2); Sore Throat (f; CRC; MPI); Splenomegaly (f; PHR; PH2); Splenosis (f; JLH; MPI); Stomatosis (f; CRC); Tachycardia (1; 60P); Tonsilosis (1; MPI); Trachoma (f; FEL); Tumor (1; CRC; JFM); Typhoid (f; CRC; FEL); Ulcer (f; JLH); Varicosis (f; CRC; WO2); Wen (f; JLH); Wound (f; PHR; PH2).

Dosages (Cinchona) :
- 1 tsp bark boiled 5 - 10 min, 3 ×/day (MPG); 1 - 3 g bark (KOM); 10 grains for hay fever, hemicrania, neuralgia, pertussis, splenomegaly (MPI); 0.3 - 1 g powdered bark (PNC); 0.3 - 1 ml liquid extract (PNC); 0.3 - 1 ml cinchona extract (PNC); 2 - 4 ml cinchona tincture (PNC); maximum dose 50 mg alkaloids (PNC).

Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (Cinchona) :
- Commission E reports contraindications; pregnancy and hypersensitivity; adverse effects: allergic reactions, rarely thrombocytopenia; and interaction: potentiation of coumarin derivatives. Other sources report contraindication for GI-ulcer, adverse effects for allergic skin reactions and fever. Overdosing or prolonged use may produce toxic effects (AEH). 8 - 20 g quinine may be fatal in humans (WO2).

Extracts (Cinchona) :
- Cinchonidine, cinchonine, hydroquinine, quinidine, and quinine all oxytocic in experimental animals at levels of 0.5 - 10 mg/kg (WO2). Cinchonidine, cinchonine, quinidine, and quinine are some of the antipyretic compounds in this growing medicine chest called quinine. From an amebicidal point of view, compounds modified from quinine and quinidine were not as potent as emetine and derivatives (I might mix my ipecac and quinine in Amazonia). Chloro9-desoxy-quinine and quinidine were least active, while 9-desoxy-dihydro derivatives showed fair activity. More compounds that showed slight in vitro activity were also active in vivo, exceptions being 9-desoxy-dihydro quinine and quinidine, which were active in vivo (MPI).