BUPLEURUM HARES EAR

BUPLEURUM, HARES EAR (Bupleurum chinense DC. or B. falcatum L.) ++

Treated as Chinese Thoroughwax by PH2.

Activities (Bupleurum) :
- Adrenergic (1; KEB); Analgesic (1; DAA; PH2; WHO); Antiadhesive (1; AKT); Antiaggregant (1; AKT; KEB; MAB); Antidepressant (f; PED); Antiedemic (1; DAA; PH2; WHO); Antifibrositic (1; SHB); Antihepatosis (1; KEB); Antiinflammatory (1; DAA; MAB; PED; PH2; WHO; WO2); Antimutagenic (1; MAB; WHO); Antinephrotic (1; KEB); Antiprostaglandin (1; KEB); Antipyretic (2; KEB; PH2; WHO; WO2); Antithromboxane (1; KEB); Antitoxic (f; DAA); Antitumor (1; KEB); Antitussive (1; DAA; KEB; PH2); Antiulcer (1; KEB; PH2); Antiviral (1; SHB; WO2); Apoptotic (1; MAB); Bitter (f; PED); cAMP-Phosphodiesterase-Inhibitor (1; WO2); Cardioprotective (1; AKT); Choleretic (2; AKT; KEB); CNS-Depressant (1; DAA; PED; WHO); Corticosteronigenic (1; AKT; MAB); Diaphoretic (f; KEB; MAB; PED; WO2); Diuretic (1; AKT); Expectorant (f; WO2); Gastroprotective (1; MAB; WHO); Hemolytic (1; WO2); Hemostat (f; DAA); Hepatoprotective (1; KEB; MAB; PH2; WHO); Hepatotonic (f; DAA); Hyperglycemic
(1; MAB); Hypocholesterolemic (1; KEB); Hypoglycemic (1; AKT); Hypotensive (1; PH2); mmunostimulant (1; KEB; SHB; WHO); Interleukinogenic (1; SHB); Laxative (1; KEB); Mitogenic (1; MAB); Nephroprotective (1; MAB); Phagocytotic (f; SHB); Sedative (1; DAA; PH2; WHO); Tyrosinase-Inhibitor (1; WO2).

Indications (Bupleurum) :
- Amenorrhea (f; DAA; WHO); Anxiety (f; AKT); Autoimmune Disease (f; WHO); Bleeding (f; DAA); Cancer (1; AKT; JLH; MAB; WHO); Cancer, breast (f; JLH); Cancer, cervix (f; JLH); Cardiopathy (1; AKT); Catarrh (f; DAA); Chest Ache (f; PH2; WO2); Cholecystosis (f; DAA); Chill (f; DAA; MAB; PH2); Cold (1; KEB; WHO); Constipation (1; KEB); Cough (f; DAA); Deafness (f; DAA; PH2; WHO); Debility (f; AKT; MAB); Depression (f; PED); Dermatosis (f; PED); Diabetes (f; WHO); Diarrhea (f; DAA); Dizziness (f; AKT; WHO); Dusgeusia (f; PH2); Dysmenorrhea (f; JAD; MAB; PED); Dyspepsia (f; DAA; MAB); Enterosis (1; WO2); Epigastrosis (f; MAB); Fever (2; DAA; HHB; KEB; MAB; PED; PH2; WHO; WO2); Fibrosis (1; SHB); Flu (1; WHO); Gallstone (f; DAA); Gas (f; DAA; WO2); Hepatomegaly (f; KEB); Hepatosis (1; DAA; KEB; WHO; WO2); Herpes (1; MAB); High Blood Pressure (1; DAA; PH2); High
Cholesterol (1; KEB); Hyperglycemia (1; AKT); Hyperpigmentation (f; WO2); Hypochondriasis (f; WHO); Hypoglycemia (1; MAB); Immunodepression (1; KEB; SHB; WHO); Inflammation (1; AKT; DAA; MAB; PED; PH2; WHO; WO2); Insomnia (1; DAA; PH2; WHO); Leukemia (f; JLH); Malaria (f; DAA; PH2); Measles (1; MAB); Metastasis (f; AKT); Nausea (f; MAB; PH2); Nephrosis (1; KEB; WHO); Nervousness (1; DAA; PH2; WHO); Obesity (1; KEB); Pain (1; DAA; MAB; PH2; WHO); Palpitation (f; DAA); Pleurisy (f; DAA); PMS (f; PED); Prolapse (f; DAA; MAB); Pulmonosis (f; DAA); Rhinosis (f; DAA); Stone (f; DAA); Stress (f; PED); Swelling (1; DAA; PH2; WHO); Tuberculosis (f; DAA); Tumor (1; KEB; PED); Ulcer (1; KEB; MAB; PH2; WHO); Vertigo (f; AKT; DAA); Virus (1; SHB; WO2); Vomiting (f; PH2; WHO); Water Retention (1; AKT); Wound (f; WHO).

Dosages (Bupleurum) :
- 1 - 2 tsp (2 - 5 g)/day (SHB); 3 - 9 g/day (WHO); 3 - 12 g root/day (AKT); 1 - 4 g root powder (AKT); 1 - 2 tsp fresh root (PED); 0.5 - 1 g dry root (PED); 3 - 12 g/day dry root (MAB); 1 g dry root:5 ml alcohol/5 ml water (PED); 1.5 - 6 g dry root/day or 3 - 12 ml fluid extract (1:2) (KEB); 4 - 8 ml fluid extract (1:2) (MAB).
Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (Bupleurum) :
- Class 1 (AHP). Health hazards not known with proper therapeutic dosages (PH2) (but PH2 designates no specific quantified dosage! JAD). I suspect that this herb houses furanocourmarins for which the usual photosensitivity caveats apply. Patients may experience some flatulence, laxation, and sedation
(KEB); large doses may decrease appetite and cause flatulence and abdominal distension. Allergic reactions reported in three cases (intramuscular injections) (WHO). One combination formula containing Bupleurum has been associated with interstitial pneumonitis in more than 15 patients (MAB). Because large doses may sedate, WHO cautions against operating motor vehicles or hazardous machinery. Alcohol, as well as other sedatives and CNS-depressants, may synergize the Bupleurum effects.

Extracts (Bupleurum) :
- Saikosaponin A and D have antitumor effects against human hepatoma tissue cultures (KEB); extracts may stimulate macrophage activity. Oral doses only about 1/10th as active as injected doses (KEB). At 6 mg day (~300 mg/root/day) significantly reduced liver enzymes. Antiinflammatory activity of saikosaponins similar to that of prednisolone (MAB). Sedative activity of saikosaponins (200 - 800 mg/kg) = 100 mg meprobomate. Polysaccharide fraction BR2 at 100 mg/kg similar in antiulcer activity of sucralfate (WHO).