BLACKBERRY RUBUS SPP

BLACKBERRY (Rubus spp.) ++

Most European entries (EFS, HHB, MAD, PH2) accrue to R. fruticosus, the European blackberry. Most American entries (CEB, DEM, FAD, FEL) accrue to American species. I think raspberries and blackberries can be treated generically, when it comes to medicine, like bilberries and blueberries.

Activities (Blackberry):
- Antibacterial (1; MAD); Antidote (f; DEM); Antiinflammatory (1; APA); Antioxidant (1; JNU); Antitumor (f; APA); Apoptotic (f; JNU); Astringent (1; APA; EFS PH2); Depurative (f; DEM; EFS); Detoxicant (1; JNU); Diaphoretic (f; MAD); Diuretic (f; DEM; EFS); Fungicide (f; MAD); Hemostat (1; APA); Hypocholesterolemic (1; JNU); Stimulant (f; DEM); Tonic (f; DEM; EFS).

Indications (Blackberry):
- Angina (f; MAD); Appendicitis (f; MAD); Bacteria (1; MAD); Bleeding (1; APA; DEM; FEL; FNF; MAD); Boil (1; DEM; FNF); Bronchosis (f; CEB; MAD); Cancer (1; JLH; JNU); Catarrh (f; DEM); Childbirth (f; FEL); Cholera (f; FEL); Cold (f; DEM; MAD); Condyloma (f; JLH); Conjunctivosis (1; CEB; DEM; FNF); Cough (f; CEB; DEM; MAD); Dermatosis (f; MAD); Diabetes (f; MAD); Diarrhea (2; APA; DEM; PHR; PH2); Dropsy (f; APA; MAD; PH2); Dysentery (1; DEM; FNF); Dysmenorrhea (f; DEM; MAD); Dysuria (f; DEM); Enterosis (1; APA; MAD; PH2); Exanthema (f; MAD); Fever (f; DEM; FEL; MAD); Fungus (1; MAD); Gastrosis (1; APA; DEM; PH2); Gleet (f; FEL); Glossosis (f; DEM); Gonorrhea (f; FEL); Gout (f; APA); Gravel (f; CEB); Headache (f; DEM); Hematemesis (1; DEM; FNF); Hemoptysis (f; CEB); Hemorrhoid (1; APA; CEB; DEM); High Cholesterol (1; JNU); Infection (1; DEM; FNF; MAD); Inflammation (1; APA; JLH); Leukorrhea (f; FEL; MAD); Lung Problem (f; DEM); Menorrhagia (f; MAD); Miscarriage (f; DEM); Mycosis (1; MAD); Nausea (f; FEL); Nephrosis (f; MAD); Ophthalmia (f; CEB; DEM); Pharyngosis (2; APA; PHR; PH2); Phthisis (f; CEB); Proctosis (f; FEL); Prolapse (f; FEL); Pulmonosis (f; CEB); Rheumatism (f; DEM); Scab (f; MAD); Scabies (f; MAD); Sore (1; DEM; FNF); Sore Throat (2; APA; DEM); Stomatosis (2; APA; MAD; PHR; PH2); Stone (f; MAD); Swelling (f; APA); Tonsilosis (f; MAD); Tuberculosis (1; DEM; FNF; MAD); Tumor (f; APA); Uterosis (f; FEL); VD (f; DEM); Vomiting (f; DEM; FEL); Wart (f; JLH); Water
Retention (f; DEM; EFS); Wound (f; APA).

Dosages (Blackberry):
- 1 - 2 tsp chopped leaf/cup water, up to 6 ×/day; 4 tsp (~4.4 g) leaf in hot tea; 1.5 g leaf/cup tea, 2 - 3 ×/day (PH2); 1 - 2 tsp powdered bark/cup water; up to 2 tsp tincture/day (APA); 1500 mg root tea up to 3 ×/day (APA); 20 - 30 grains powdered root bark (FEL); 2 - 4 ml liquid root extract (PNC).

Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (Blackberry):
- Class 1 (AHP).

Extracts (Blackberry):
- Anthocyanins and polyphenols in berries of several Ribes, Rubus, and Vaccinium spp. have in vitro antiradical activity on chemically generated superoxide radicals. The extracts also inhibit xanthine oxidase. All crude extracts were highly active toward chemically generated superoxide radicals. Ribes nigrum extracts exhibited most activity, being the richest in both anthocyanins and polyphenols. But Ribes rubrum extracts seem to contain more active substances (X1332092).