ALKANET ALKANNA DYERS ALKANET

ALKANET, ALKANNA, DYERS ALKANET (Alkanna tinctoria Tausch) X

Synonyms:
- A. lehmanii (Tineo) A. DC., A. tuberculata (Forssk.) Meikle, Anchusa bracteolata Viv., A. tuberculata Forssk., Lithospermum lehmanii Tineo

Activities (Alkanet):
- Amebicide (1; FNF); Antibacterial (1; PHR); Antiseptic (1; PH2; PNC); Astringent (1; LAF; PNC); Candidicide (1; PHR; PH2); Carcinogenic (1; FNF; PHR; PH2); CNS-Depressant (1; FNF); Curare (1; FNF); Emollient (f; EFS); Genotoxic (1; CAN; FNF); Hepatotoxic (1; CAN; PHR; PH2); Immunomodulator (1; LAF); Immunosuppressant (1; LAF); Neurotoxic (1; FNF); Paralytic (1; FNF); Vulnerary (f; BIS; PNC).

Indications (Alkanet):
- Abscess (f; LAF); Ameba (1; FNF); Bacteria (1; PH2); Burn (1; FNF); Cancer (1; FNF; JLH); Cancer, uterus (1; FNF; JLH); Candida (1; PHR; PH2); Decubitis (1; FNF); Dermatosis (f; PHR; PH2); Diarrhea (f; PHR; PH2); EBV (1; FNF); Indolent Ulcer (1; PH2; PNC); Induration (f; JLH); Inflammation (1; FNF); Leukemia (1; FNF); Snakebite (f; PNC); Sore (1; LAF); Staphylococcus (1; PH2); Ulcus cruris (2; PHR); Uterosis (f; JLH); Virus (1; FNF); Wound (1; PH2); Yeast (1; PHR; PH2).

Dosages (Alkanet):
- No more than 0.1 µg pyrrolizidine alkaloids with 1.2 necine framework and their N-oxides (PH2).

Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (Alkanet):
- AHP Class 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d. Long-term use discouraged. Contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs). Effective July 1996, the AHP Board of Trustees recommends that all products with botanical ingredient(s) that contain toxic PAs, including Borago officinalis, display the following cautionary statement on the label: For external use only. Do not apply to broken or abraded skin. Do not use when nursing (AHP). PAs are genotoxic, carcinogenic, and hepatotoxic (CAN). Due to the PAs, alkanet use in pregnancy and lactation is to be avoided (JAD). Consolicine & Consolidine: CNS-Paralytic (3 × cynoglossine) (PHR). Dietary alkannin for 15 weeks at 1% of diet nontoxic in mice (LAF). Shikonin immunomodulatory at low doses, immunosuppressant at high doses.