Abscess Root Acacia Babul
ABSCESS ROOT (Polemonium reptans L.) Activities (Abscess Root) : - Alterative (f; EFS); Antipyretic (f; EFS); Astri

Adams Needles Spanishn Bayonet
ADAMS NEEDLES, SPANISH BAYONET (Yucca filamentosa L.) - Few taxonomists and herbalists and even fewer pharmacists and p

African Caper African Quinine
AFRICAN CAPER (Capparis tomentosa Lam.) + Activities (African Caper):  -  Antispasmodic (1; VVG); Decongestan

African Spurge Euphorbia Resinifera
AFRICAN SPURGE (Euphorbia resinifera O. Berg & C. F. Schmidt) Activities (African Spurge):  - Abortifacient (f

African Wormwood African Wild Yam
AFRICAN WORMWOOD (Artemisia afra Jacq.) + Activities (African Wormwood):  Analgesic (1; VVG; ZUL); Analeptic (1; V

Aga Fly Agaric Agar
AGA, FLY AGARIC (Amanita muscaria) X Activities (Aga): - GABA-Antagonist (1; PH2); Hallucinogen (1; PH2); Paralytic (1

Agrimony Agrimonia Eupatoria
AGRIMONY (Agrimonia eupatoria L.) ++ Activities (Agrimony):  - Aggregant (1; CRC; PH2; ZUL); Antibacterial (1; FNF

Air Plant Tree Of Life
AIR PLANT, TREE OF LIFE (Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.) Oken) + Synonym: - Kalanchoe pinnata Pers. Activities (Ai

Air Potato Dioscorea Bulbifera
AIR POTATO (Dioscorea bulbifera L.) ++ Synonym: - Dioscorea latifolia Benth. Activities (Air Potato): - Al

Ajowan Bishops Weed
AJOWAN, BISHOPS WEED (Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Sprague ex Turrill.) +++ Synonyms: - Ammi copticum L., Carum ajowan ined

Akee Apples Seso Vegetal
AKEE APPLES, SESO VEGETAL, ACKEE (Blighia sapida K. D. Koenig) X Synonym: - Cupania sapida J. Voigt Activities

Albizzia Siris Albizia Lebbeck
ALBIZZIA, SIRIS (Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth.) + Synonyms: - Acacia lebbek (L.) Willd., Mimosa lebbeck L. Activi

Alexandrian Senna Senna Alexadrina
ALEXANDRIAN SENNA (Senna alexandrina Mill.) + Synonyms: - Cassia acutifolia Delile, C. angustifolia Vahl, C. lanceolata

Alfalfa Medicago Sativa
ALFALFA (Medicago sativa L.) + Activities (Alfalfa): - Abortifacient (f; MAD); Alterative (f; PED); Antiatherosclerotic

Alisma Alisma Plantago AQuatica
ALISMA (Alisma plantago-aquatica L.) + Synonym Alisma orientale (Sam.) Juz. Activities (Alisma): Antidote,

Alkanet Alkanna Dyers Alkanet
ALKANET, ALKANNA, DYERS ALKANET (Alkanna tinctoria Tausch) X Synonyms: - A. lehmanii (Tineo) A. DC., A. tuberculata (Fo

Allspice Pimenta Dioica
ALLSPICE (Pimenta dioica (L.) Merr.) ++ Synonyms: - Myrtus dioica L., M. pimenta L., P. officinalis Lindl., P. pimenta

Almond Oil Prunus Dulcis
ALMOND OIL (Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb) ++ Synonyms: - Amygdalus communis L., A. dulcis Mill., Prunus amygdalus Ba

Almond Prunus Dulcis
ALMOND (Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb) ++ Synonyms: Amygdalus communis L., A. dulcis Mill., Prunus amygdalus Batsch,

Aloe Aloe Vera
ALOE (Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f.) (Gel) ++ Synonyms: - A. barbadensis Mill., A. perfoliata var. vera L., A. vulgaris Lam.

Aloes Aloe Vera
ALOES (Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f.) (Inner leaf or Dried Leaf Juice) + Synonyms: - A. barbadensis Mill., A. perfoliata var.

Alpina Ragwort Senecio Nemorensis
ALPINE RAGWORT (Senecio nemorensis L.) X PH2 may have been confused in assigning the common names life root and squaw weed

Alpine Cranberry Vaccinium Vitis
ALPINE CRANBERRY (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) ++ With at least 10 common names available in the USDA online, youd think that

Alpine Rose Rhododendron Ferrugineum
ALPINE ROSE (Rhododendron ferrugineum L.) X Activities (Alpine Rose): - Astringent (1; HHB); Diuretic (f; HHB); Hypoten

American Bittersweet Celastrus Scandens
AMERICAN BITTERSWEET (Celastrus scandens L.) X Activities (American Bittersweet): - Analgesic (f; DEM); Antipyretic (f;

American Corn Mint
AMERICAN CORN MINT, CANADIAN MINT, JAPANESE MINT (Mentha canadensis L.) ++ Synonyms: - M. arvensis var. glabrata Fernal

American Ginseng Ginseng
AMERICAN GINSENG, GINSENG (Panax quinquefolius L.) +++ Activities (American Ginseng): - Adaptogen (f; FAD); Anticonvuls

American Hellebore Veratrum Viride
AMERICAN HELLEBORE (Veratrum viride Aiton) X Synonyms: - V. eschscholtzii A. Gray, V. lobelianum var. eschscholtzianum

American Liverleaf Anemone Acutiloba
AMERICAN LIVERLEAF (Anemone acutiloba (DC.) G. Lawson) + Synonym: - Hepatica nobilis var. acuta (Pursh) Steyermark. DEM

American Pennyroyal Hedeoma Pulegioides
AMERICAN PENNYROYAL (Hedeoma pulegioides (L.) Pers.) + (down from CRC) Synonym: - Melissa pulegioides L. Activi

American Solomons Seal Beech
AMERICAN SOLOMONS-SEAL (Polygonatum biflorum (Walter) Elliot) ++ Activities (American Solomons-Seal): -  Analgesic

American White Spruce
AMERICAN WHITE SPRUCE (Picea glauca (Moench.) Voss) ++ Synonyms: - Abies canadensis Mill., P. canadensis (Mill.) Br

Ammoniac Dorema Ammoniacum
AMMONIAC (Dorema ammoniacum D. Don) + Activities (Ammoniac): - Antispasmodic (f; PH2; PNC); Antitumor (f; JLH); Diaphor

Amur Corktree Phellodendron Amurense
AMUR CORKTREE (Phellodendron amurense Rupr.) ++   Activities (Amur Corktree): - Alterative (f; DAA); Analgesic (f;

Anemarrhena Asphodelioides Bunge
ANEMARRHENA (Anemarrhena asphodelioides Bunge) ++ Activities (Anemarrhena): - Antiaggregant (1; PH2); Antiinflammatory

Angelica Wild Parsnip
ANGELICA, WILD PARSNIP (Angelica archangelica L.) ++ Synonyms: - A. officinalis Moench, Archangelica officinalis (Moenc

Angled Loofah Chinese Okra
ANGLED LOOFAH, CHINESE OKRA (Luffa acutangula (L.) Roxb.) ++ Synonym: - Cucumis acutangulus L. Activities (Angl

Angostura Angostura Trifoliata
ANGOSTURA (Angostura trifoliata (Willd.) T. S. Elias) ++ Synonyms: - Bonplandia trifoliata Willd., Galipea officinalis

Anise Pimpinella Anisum
ANISE (Pimpinella anisum L.) ++ Synonym: - Anisum vulgare Gaertn. Activities (Anise): - Abortifacient (f; CA

Annatto Bixa Orellana
ANNATTO (Bixa orellana L.) ++ Activities (Annatto): - Antibacterial (1; 60P; TRA); Antidote, cassava (f; JFM); Antidote

Annual Mercury Mercurialis Annua
ANNUAL MERCURY (Mercurialis annua L.) + Some (e.g., MAD) aggregate the annual and perennial Mercurialis. Activities (A

Anserina Silverweed Potentilla Anserina
ANSERINA, SILVERWEED (Potentilla anserina L.) ++ Activities (Anserina): - Antiallergic (1; BIS; FNF); Antiherpetic (1;

Apple Malus Domestica
APPLE (Malus domestica Borkh.) +++ Synonyms: -M. malus (L.) Britton, M. pumila auct., M. pumila var. domestica (Borkh.)

Apricot Prunus Armeniaca
APRICOT (Prunus armeniaca L.) ++ Synonyms: - Amygdalus armeniaca (L.) Dumort., Armeniaca vulgaris Lam., P. armeniaca va

Araroba Andira Araroba Aguan
ARAROBA (Andira araroba Aguan) + Activities (Araroba): - Allergenic (1; PH2); Alterative (f; CRC); Antispasmodic (f; EF

Arjuna Terminalia Arjuna
ARJUNA (Terminalia arjuna (Roxb. ex DC.) Wight & Arn.) + Synonym: - Pentaptera arjuna Roxb. ex DC. Activiti

Arnica Arnica Montana
ARNICA (Arnica montana L.) + (external); X (internal) Activities (Arnica). - Allergenic (1; MAB; PHR); Analeptic (1; BI

Arrow Poison Arrach
ARROW-POISON (Strophanthus sarmentosus DC.) X PH2 and EFS entries below generic (i.e., mostly for S. kombe Oliv. & S. grat

Arrowroot Maranta Arundinacea
ARROWROOT (Maranta arundinacea L.) +++ Activities (Arrowroot): - Alexeteric (f; CRC); Antibilious (1; PHR); Antipyretic

Artichoke Cynara Cardunculus
ARTICHOKE (Cynara cardunculus L. subsp. cardunculus) +++ Synonym : - Cynara scolymus L. Activities (Artichoke):

Asafetida Devils Dung
ASAFETIDA, DEVILS DUNG (Ferula assa-foetida L.) ++ Labeled Ferula foetida in AHP, KAP, and PH2. Activities (Asafetida)

Ashwagandha Withania Somnifera
ASHWAGANDHA (Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal) + Synonym: Physalis somnifera L. Activities (Ashwagandha): Abort

Asian Meadow Thalictrum Foliolosum
ASIAN MEADOW-RUE (Thalictrum foliolosum DC.) + Activities (Asian Meadow-Rue): Antipyretic (f; KAP; SUW); Aperient (f; K

Asiatik Dogwood Japanese Cornel
ASIATIC DOGWOOD, JAPANESE CORNEL (Cornus officinalis Siebold & Zucc.) ++ Activities (Asiatic Dogwood): - Antiallerg

Asoka Saraca Indica
ASOKA (Saraca indica L.) + Synonym: - Saraca asoca (Roxb.) De Wilde. Activities (Asoka): - Abortifaci

Asparagus Asparagus Officinalis
ASPARAGUS (Asparagus officinalis L.) ++ Synonym: A. longifolius Fisch. ex Steud. Activities (Asparagus) : An

Autumn Crocus Colchicum Meadow
AUTUMN CROCUS, COLCHICUM, MEADOW-SAFFRON (Colchicum autumnale L.) X WOI entries apply to Colchicum luteum Baker Activi

Avens Bennets Root
AVENS, BENNETS ROOT (Geum urbanum L.)++ Activities (Avens): Antidiarrheal (f; CAN); Antihemorrhagic (1; CAN; FNF); Anti

Avocado Persea Americana
AVOCADO (Persea americana Mill.) +++ (The +++ applies only to the fruits; leaves and seeds are much less safe.) Ac

Aztec Marigold Tagetes Erecta
AZTEC MARIGOLD (Tagetes erecta L.) ++ Activities (Aztec Marigold): Analgesic (f; DAV); Antibacterial (1; WOI); Bat Repe

Babys Breath Gypsophila Paniculata
BABY'S BREATH (Gypsophila paniculata L.) + Activities (Baby's Breath): Antiseptic (1; PHR); Cytotoxic (2; KOM); Depurat

Bael Bengal Quince
BAEL, BENGAL QUINCE (Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa) ++ Synonym: Belou marmelos (L.) A. Lyons, Crateva marmelos L.

Bai Zhu Atraktylodes
BAI ZHU, ATRACTYLODES (Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz.) ++ Perry treats all three of the species covered here as one from

Baical Skullcap Scutellaria Baicalensis
BAICAL SKULLCAP (Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi) ++ Activities (Baical Skullcap): Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor (1; KEB);

Balloon Flower Platycodon Grandiflorum
BALLOON FLOWER (Platycodon grandiflorum (Jacq.) A. DC) ++ Synonym: Campanula glauca Thunb., C. grandiflora Jacq., P. gl

Balmony Turtlehead Chelone Glabra
BALMONY, TURTLEHEAD (Chelone glabra L.) +++ Activities (Balmony): Antibilious (f; EFS); Antidepressant (f; PNC); Antiem

Balsam Fýr Abies Balsamea
BALSAM FIR (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill) ++ Synonym: A. balsamea f. nana (J. Nelson) Beissner, A. balsamea var. phanerolep

Balsam Of Peru Myroxylon Balsamum
BALSAM OF PERU (Myroxylon balsamum (L.) Harms var. pereirae (Royle) Harms) ++ Synonym: Myrospermum pereirae Royle, Myro

Balsam Of Tolu Myroxylon Balsamum
BALSAM OF TOLU (Myroxylon balsamum (L.) Harms) ++ Activities (Balsam of Tolu): Antibacterial (1; PH2); Antiseptic (1; F

Ban Xia Pinellia Ternata
BAN XIA (Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Makino) + Synonym : Arisaema cochinchinense Blume, Arum dracontium Lour., A. ternatu

Banana Plantain Musa Paradisiaca
BANANA, PLANTAIN (Musa x paradisiaca L.) ++ Synonym: M. dacca Horan., M. rosacea Jacq., M. x paradisiaca subsp. sapient

Baneberry Actaea Spicata
BANEBERRY (Actaea spicata L.) X Synonym: A. spicata var. nigra L. Activities (Baneberry): Antibacterial (1;

Barbasco Dioscorea Composita Hemsl
BARBASCO (Dioscorea composita Hemsl.) + Synonym: D. terpinapensis Uline ex R. Knuth. Activities (Barbasco):

Barberry Berberis Vulgaris
BARBERRY (Berberis vulgaris L.) + Synonym: B. jacquinii hort. ex K. Koch, B. sanguinea hort. ex K. Koch, B. vulgaris f.

Barley Hordeum Vulgare
BARLEY (Hordeum vulgare L.) +++ Activities (Barley): Abortifacient (f; BIB); Antilactagogue (f; BIB); Antipyretic (f; B

Basil Sweet Basil
BASIL, SWEET BASIL (Ocimum basilicum L.) ++ Synonym: O. basilicum var. glabratum Benth., O. basilicum var. majus Benth.

Bastard Cedar Guazuma Ulmifolia
BASTARD CEDAR (Guazuma ulmifolia Lam.) ++ Activities (Bastard Cedar): Analeptic (1; TRA); Antibacterial (1; AAB; TRA);

Battle Gourd Calabash
BOTTLE GOURD, CALABASH (Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl.) +++ Synonym: Cucurbita lagenaria L., C. leucantha Duchesn

Bayberry Morella Cerifera
BAYBERRY (Morella cerifera (L.) Small) + Synonym: - Myrica cerifera L., Myrica cerifera var. pumila Michx., Myrica pumi

Bayleaf Laurel Laurus Nobilis
BAYLEAF, LAUREL (Laurus nobilis L.) ++ Activities (Bayleaf): - Abortifacient (f; SPI); Allergenic (1; CRC; PH2); Analge

Bayrum Tree Pimenta Racemosa
BAYRUM TREE (Pimenta racemosa (Mill.) J. W. Moore.) +++ PHR entries are equivocal and probably apply to P. dioica (allspic

Bearberry Arctostaphylos Uva Ursi
BEARBERRY (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.) + Synonym: - Arbutus uva-ursi L. Activities (Bearberry): -

Bee Balm Beauty Berry
BEE BALM (Monarda didyma L.) +++   Activities (Bee Balm): - Abortifacient (f; DEM); Antipyretic (f; PHR); Antispasm

Beet Beta Vulgaris
BEET (Beta vulgaris L.) ++ Activities (Beet): - Anorectic (f; KAB); Antibacterial (1; WO2); Antiinflammatory (f; KAB);

Belladonna Atropa Belladonna
BELLADONNA (Atropa belladonna L.) XXX Activities (Belladonna): - Analgesic (1; CRC; FNF); Anesthetic (1; LAF); Antiasth

Belleric Terminalia Bellirica
BELLERIC (Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb.) + Synonym: - Myrobalanus bellirica Gaertn. Activities (Belleric

Benzoin Styrax Benzoin Dryander
BENZOIN (Styrax benzoin Dryander.) ++ While the PH2 covers three species of the genus Styrax and one of the genus Liquidam

Betel Palm Areca Catechu
BETEL PALM (Areca catechu L.) X Activities (Betel Palm): - Abortifacient (1; WO2); Antibacterial (1; WO2); Antidote, ab

Betel Pepper Piper Betle
BETEL PEPPER (Piper betle L.) ++  Regrettably, the herbal PDR calls this betel nut. Piper betle is betel leaf, chewed with th

Bethroot Trillium Erectum
BETHROOT (Trillium erectum L.) +   Most early authors treated the species as interchangeable medicinally, so this acco

Bilberry Vaccinium Myrtillus
BILBERRY (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) +++ Activities (Bilberry): - Antiaggregant (1; APA; BGB; MAB; PED; PH2); Anticapillar

Birch Betula Spp
BIRCH (Betula spp.) ++ Betula pendula Roth, Betula pubescens Ehrh. Synonym: Betula alba L., Betula verrucosa Ehrh.

Birthwort Aristolochia Clematitis
BIRTHWORT (Aristolochia clematitis L.) X Activities (Birthwort): - Antiherpetic (1; PH2); Carcinogenic (1; PH2); Depura

Bishops Weed Ammi Visnaga
BISHOPS WEED (Ammi visnaga (L.) Lamarck) + Synonym: - Daucus visnaga L. Activities (Bishops Weed): - Antiath

Bistort Polygonum Bistorta
BISTORT (Polygonum bistorta L.) ++ Synonym: - Persicaria bistorta (L.) Samp. Activities (Bistort): - Anipyre

Bitter Candytuft Iberis Amara
BITTER CANDYTUFT (Iberis amara L.) X Synonym: - Iberis coronaria D. Don. Activities (Bitter Candytuft): &nbs

Bitter Melon Balsam Pear
BITTER MELON, BALSAM PEAR (Momordica charantia L.) + Synonym: - M. muricata Willd. Activities (Bitter Melon): B

Bitter Milkwort Black Ash
BITTER MILKWORT (Polygala amara L.) ++ Activities (Bitter Milkwort): - Bitter (f; PH2); Depurative (f; EFS; HHB); Diaph

Bittersweet Solanum Dulcamara
BITTERSWEET (Solanum dulcamara L.) + Activities (Bittersweet): - Alterative (f; CRC; DEP; KAB); Analgesic (1; CRC; PH2)

Bitterwood Quassia Amara
BITTERWOOD (Quassia amara L.) ++ Activities (Bitterwood): - Antianemic (f; HAD); Antipyretic (f; CRC); Antiseptic (f; F

Black Alder Alnus Glutinosa
BLACK ALDER (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.) ++ Synonym: - A. barbata C. A. Mey., A. glutinosa subsp. barbata (C. A. Mey.

Black Bean Green Bean
BLACK BEAN, GREEN BEAN, etc. (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) +++ The herbal PDR, which erroneously attributes the origin of the pl

Black Bryony Tamus Communis
BLACK BRYONY (Tamus communis L.) X Activities (Black Bryony): - Allergenic (1; PH2); Diuretic (f; GMH); Emetic (1; GMH;

Black Cohosh Actaea Racemosa
BLACK COHOSH (Actaea racemosa L.) + Synonym: - Cimicifuga racemosa (L.) Nutt. Activities (Black Cohosh): - A

Black Cumin Nigella Sativa
BLACK CUMIN (Nigella sativa L.) ++ The prophet Muhammad reportedly recommended black cumin as a cure-all to his associat

Black Currant Fruit
BLACK CURRANT FRUIT (Ribes nigrum L.) +++ Synonym: - Ribes nigrum var. chlorocarpum Späth. Entries are for fruits rathe

Black Currant Leaf Ribes
BLACK CURRANT LEAF (Ribes nigrum L.) + Synonym : - Ribes nigrum var. chlorocarpum Späth. Activities (Black Curr

Black Currant Seed Oil
BLACK CURRANT SEED OIL (Ribes nigrum L.) +++ Synonym: - Ribes nigrum var. chlorocarpum Späth. Activities (Black

Black Dot Scurfy Pea
BLACK DOT, SCURFY PEA (Cullen corylifolium (L.) Medik.) ++ Synonym: - Psoralea corylifolia L. Old, old synonym, Trifoli

Black Haw Viburnum Prunifolium
BLACK HAW (Viburnum prunifolium L.) + Activities (Black Haw): - Antiabortive (f; FEL); Anticonvulsive (f; DEM); Antidia

Black Horehound Ballota Nigra
BLACK HOREHOUND (Ballota nigra L.) ++ Activities (Black Horehound):  Antiaging (1; PR14:93); Antiemetic (f; PH2; P

Black Locust Robinia Pseudoacacia
BLACK LOCUST (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) +   Synonyms: - R. pseudoacacia f. erecta Rehder, R. pseudoacacia f. inermis

Black Mulberry Morus Nigra
BLACK MULBERRY (Morus nigra L.) +++ I suspect that most birds and few foresters, herbalists, publishing phytochemists, phy

Black Mustard Brassica Nigra
BLACK MUSTARD (Brassica nigra (L.) W. D. J. Koch) ++ Synonym: - Brassica nigra var. abyssinica A. Braun, Sinapis nigra

Black Nigtshade Solanum Nigrum
BLACK NIGHTSHADE (Solanum nigrum L.) + Activities (Black Nightshade): - Alterative (f; DEP); Analgesic (f; JFM; PHR; PH

Black Pepper Piper Nigrum
BLACK PEPPER (Piper nigrum L.) +++ Activities (Black Pepper): - Abortifacient (f; CRC); Alexeteric (f; DEP); Analeptic

Black Physýcnut Jatropha Gossypiifolia
BLACK PHYSICNUT (Jatropha gossypiifolia L.) X Activities (Black Physicnut): - Allergenic (f; CRC); Antibacterial (1; CR

Black Walnut Juglans Nigra
BLACK WALNUT (Juglans nigra L.) + Activities (Black Walnut): - Alterative (f; NUT); Anti-HIV (f; APA); Antiseptic (1; F

Blackberry Lily Belamcanda Chinensis
BLACKBERRY LILY (Belamcanda chinensis (L.) DC.) ++ Synonym: - B. punctata Moench, Gemmingia chinensis Kuntze, Ixia chin

Blackberry Rubus Spp
BLACKBERRY (Rubus spp.) ++ Most European entries (EFS, HHB, MAD, PH2) accrue to R. fruticosus, the European blackberry. Mo

Blackroot Veronicastrum Virginicum
BLACKROOT (Veronicastrum virginicum (L.) Farw.) + Synonym : Leptandra virginica (L.) Nutt., Veronica virginica L.

Bladder Dock Rumex Vesicarius
BLADDER DOCK (Rumex vesicarius L.) ++ Synonym : Acetosa vesicaria (L.) Á. Löve. Activities (Bladder Dock): BR

Bladderwort Blue Cardinal Flower
BLADDERWORT (Utricularia vulgaris L.) ++ Activities (Bladderwort) : Antiinflammatory (1; PH2); Antispasmodic (1; PH2);

Blessed Thstle Cnicus Benedictus
BLESSED THISTLE (Cnicus benedictus L.) ++ Activities (Blessed Thistle): - Allergenic (1; APA); Analgesic (f; APA); Anti

Bletilla Hardy Orchid
BLETILLA, HARDY ORCHID (Bletilla striata (Thunb.) Rchb. f.) ++ Synonym : - Bletia hyacinthina (J. E. Smith) R. Br.; Cym

Bloodroot Sanguinaria Canadensis
BLOODROOT (Sanguinaria canadensis L.) X Activities (Bloodroot): - Abortifacient (f; CEB; DEM); Alterative (f; CRC); Ana

Blue Cohosh Caulophyllum Thalictroides
BLUE COHOSH (Caulophyllum thalictroides (L.) Michx.) + Activities (Blue Cohosh): - Abortifacient (f; CAN; PH2); Antiede

Blue Flag Iris Versicolor
BLUE FLAG (Iris versicolor L.) + For orris, see Iris x germanica. Is it the irises, or the taxonomists (or me) who are scr

Blueberry Vaccinium Angustifolia Aiton
BLUEBERRY (Vaccinium angustifolia Aiton and corymbosum L.) +++ Synonym: - V. brittonii Porter ex C. Bicknell, V. lamarc

Bog Bilberry Bog Blueberry
BOG BILBERRY, BOG BLUEBERRY (Vaccinium uliginosum L.) ++ Activities (Bog Bilberry):  Narcotic (f; CEB; EFS).

Bogbean Menyanthes Trifoliata
BOGBEAN (Menyanthes trifoliata L.) + Activities (Bogbean): - Anabolic (f; DEM); Antiedemic (1; FNF); Antihemorrhagic (1

Boldo Peumus Boldus Molina
BOLDO (Peumus boldus Molina) + Synonym : Boldea fragrans (Ruiz & Pav.) Gay, Peumus fragrans Ruiz & Pav.

Boneset Eupatorium Perfoliatum
BONESET (Eupatorium perfoliatum L.) ++ Activities (Boneset): - Antibacterial (1; APA); Antiinflammatory (1; APA; PH2; P

Borage Borago Officinalis
BORAGE (Borago officinalis L.) + Activities (Borage): - Adrenocorticostimulant (f; APA; CAN); Analgesic (f; PHR; PH2);

Borrachero Floripondio Brugmansia Candida
BORRACHERO, FLORIPONDIO (Brugmansia x candida Pers.) X Synonym : Datura candida (Pers.) Saff. Activities

Boswellia Boswellia Serrata Roxb
BOSWELLIA (Boswellia serrata Roxb. ex Colebr.) ++ Synonym : - B. glabra Roxb. Activities (Boswellia) :

Bowmans Root Gillenia Trifoliata
BOWMANS ROOT (Gillenia trifoliata (L.) Moench) + Synonym : Porteranthus trifoliatus (L.) Britton, Spiraea trifoliata L.

Boxwood Buxus Sempervirens
BOXWOOD (Buxus sempervirens L.) + Synonym :  - B. colchica Pojark. Activities (Boxwood): - Alterat

Brahmi Bacopa Monnieri
BRAHMI (Bacopa monnieri (L.) Pennell) ++ Activities (Brahmi) : - Adaptogen (1; WOI); Analgesic (f; KEB); Anticancer (1;

Brazilian Peppert Ree Schinus Terebinthifolius
BRAZILIAN PEPPERTREE (Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi) + Activities (Brazilian Peppertree) :  - Antibacterial

Brazilnut Bertholletia Excelsa Bonpl
BRAZILNUT (Bertholletia excelsa Bonpl.) ++ As our richest source of selenium, I think those who are not allergic to Brazil

Brewers Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae
BREWERS YEAST (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) ++ Activities (Brewers Yeast) : Allergenic (1; PH2); Antibacterial (1; PH2); A

British Elecampane Inula Britannica
BRITISH ELECAMPANE (Inula britannica L.) ++ Synonym : - Inula japonica Thunb. Activities (British Elecampane):

Broccoli Brassica Oleracea
BROCCOLI (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica Plenck) +++ (Asparagus Broccoli, Cape Broccoli, Heading Broccoli, Sprouting Brocco

Bromelain From Ananas Comosus
BROMELAIN (from Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) + See Pineapple. Activities (Bromelain) :  - Antiaggregant (2; KOM

Brooklime Veronica Beccabunga
BROOKLIME (Veronica beccabunga L.) ++ Activities (Brooklime): - Alterative (f; EFS); Antipyretic (f; FEL); Antiscorbuti

Broom Corn Sorghum Bicolor
BROOM CORN (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.) ++ Synonym : - See USDA (GRIN) for long list of synonyms. Activi

Brown Kelp Bunchberry
BROWN KELP (Macrocystis pyrifera C. Agardh) ++ Activities (Brown Kelp) : Antiobesity (f; PH2). Indications

Brussels Sprouts Brassica Oleracea
BRUSSELS SPROUTS (Brassica oleracea L. var. gemmifera Zenker) +++ Brussels sprouts, cabbage, and cauliflower are lightly c

Buchu Agathosma Betulina
BUCHU (Agathosma betulina (P. J. Bergius) Pillans) + Synonym : - Barosma betulina (P. J. Bergius) Bartl. & H. L. We

Buckwheat Fagopyrum Esculentum Moench
BUCKWHEAT (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) +++ Synonym : - F. saggittatum Gilib., F. vulgare Hill. Activities

Bugle Ajuga Reptans
BUGLE (Ajuga reptans L.) + Activities (Bugle) : - Antipyretic (f; EFS); Astringent (1; PHR); Carminative (f; CRC; EFS);

Bugleweed Lycopus Europaeus
BUGLEWEED (Lycopus europaeus L. or L. virginicus L.) +++ Activities (Bugleweed) : - Antideiodinater (T4) (2; KOM);

Bulbous Buttercup Ranunculus Bulbosus
BULBOUS BUTTERCUP (Ranunculus bulbosus L.) + Activities (Bulbous Buttercup) : - Abortifacient (f; MAD); Allergenic (f;

Bupleurum Hares Ear
BUPLEURUM, HARES EAR (Bupleurum chinense DC. or B. falcatum L.) ++ Treated as Chinese Thoroughwax by PH2. Activiti

Burdock Arctium Lappa
BURDOCK (Arctium lappa L.) +++ Synonym : - A. edule (Siebold ex Miq.) Nakai, Lappa edulis Siebold ex Miq., L. major Gae

Burning Bush Dittany Gasplant
BURNING BUSH, DITTANY, GASPLANT (Dictamnus albus L.) ++ Synonym :, - D. caucasicus (Fisch. & C. A. Mey.) Gross

Burr Marigold Wate Agrimony
BURR MARIGOLD, WATER AGRIMONY (Bidens tripartita L.) ++ Synonym : - B. comosa (A. Gray) Wiegand, B. connata Muhl.

Butchers Broom Ruscus Aculeatus
BUTCHERS BROOM (Ruscus aculeatus L.) ++ Activities (Butchers Broom) : - Alpha-Adrenergic (1; PNC); Antiaggregant (

Butterbur Petasites Hybridus
BUTTERBUR (Petasites hybridus (L.) P. Gaertn. et al. and P. officinalis Moench) + Synonym : - Tussilago hybrida L.

Butternut Juglans Cinerea
BUTTERNUT (Juglans cinerea L.) +++ PH2 goofed and listed Juglans nigra and Black Walnut, which they do not treat separatel

Cabbage Bark Cabeza De Angel
CABBAGE BARK (Andira inermis (W. Wright) Kunth ex DC.) + Synonyms : A. excelsa Kunth, A. jamaicensis Urb., A. race

Cabbage Brassica Oleracea Var
CABBAGE (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.) +++ Few if any taxonomists and agronomists can distinguish all Brassica varie

Cacao Theobroma Cacao
CACAO (Theobroma cacao L.) ++ Activities (Cacao): - Allergenic (1; CRC); Antibacterial (1; APA); Antioxidant (1; APA);

Cajeput Melaleuca Leucadendra
CAJEPUT (Melaleuca leucadendra L.) ++ Synonyms: - Kajuputi leucadendra (L.) Rusby, Myrtus leucadendra L. After visi

Calabash Tree Crescentia Cujete
CALABASH TREE (Crescentia cujete L.) + Activities (Calabash Tree): - Abortifacient (f; AAB; DAV; 60P); Analgesic (f; MP

Calamint California Bay
CALAMINT (Calamintha nepeta (L.) Savi.) ++ Synonyms : - Clinopodium nepeta (L.) Kuntze, Melissa nepeta L., Satureja cal

Calamus Acorus Calamus
CALAMUS (Acorus calamus L.) XXX Activities (Calamus): - Analgesic (1; KAP; ZUL); Anthelminthic (f; CRC; VVG); Antibacte

Calendula Marigold Pot Marigold
CALENDULA, MARIGOLD, POT-MARIGOLD (Calendula officinalis L.) +++ Synonym : - C. officinalis var. prolifera hort. B

California Peppertree Schinus Molle
CALIFORNIA PEPPERTREE (Schinus molle L.) + Synonym : - Schinus huygan Molina. Activities (California Peppertree

California Poppy Eschscholzia Californica
CALIFORNIA POPPY (Eschscholzia californica Cham.) + Activities (California Poppy) : - Analgesic (1; CRC; EFS; HHB); Ant

Camphor Cinnamomum Camphora
CAMPHOR (Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl) X Synonym : - Laurus camphora L. Many books confuse camphor the tree wi

Camu Camu Myrciaria Dubia
CAMU-CAMU (Myrciaria dubia (Kunth) McVaugh) +++ Synonyms : - M. paraensis O. Berg, Psidium dubium Kunth. Activi

Canada Yew Taxus Canadensis
CANADA YEW (Taxus canadensis Marshall) X Activities (Canada Yew) : - Abortifacient (f; CEB; DEM); Diaphoretic (f; DEM);

Canadian Goldenrod Solidago Canadensis
CANADIAN GOLDENROD (Solidago canadensis L.) ++ Synonym : - S. longifolia Schrad. ex DC. With good reason, many auth

Cancer Herb Canaigre
CANCER HERB (Acalypha arvensis Poepp. & Endl.) + Activities (Cancer Herb) : Antibacterial (1; TRA); Antiemetic (f;

Candlebush Senna Alata Cajuput
CANDLEBUSH (Senna alata (L.) Roxb.) + Synonym : - Cassia alata L. Activities (Candlebush) : - Abortifacient

Cane Reed Costus Speciosus
CANE REED (Costus speciosus (J. König) Sm.) ++ Synonym : - Banksea speciosa J. König. Activities (Cane Reed) :

Canola Oilseed Rape
CANOLA, OILSEED RAPE (Brassica napus var. napus) ++ Synonyms : - B. campestris f. annua Schubl. & G. Martens, B. ca

Cape Aloe Candlenut
CAPE ALOE (Aloe ferox Mill.) ++ Synonym : Aloe supralaevis Haw. Activities (Cape Aloe) : Antiallergic (1; ZU

Cape Gooseberry Carline Thistle
CARLINE THISTLE (Carlina acaulis L.) ++ Activities (Carline Thistle) : Anthelminthic (f; HHB); Antibacterial (1; PH2);

Caper Capparis Spinosa
CAPER (Capparis spinosa L.) +++ Synonym : - Capparis rupestris Sm. Activities (Caper) : - Alterative (f; EFS

Capsicum Capsicum Frutescens
CAPSICUM (Capsicum frutescens L. spp.) ++ (Bell Pepper, Capsicum, Cayenne, Hot Chile, Paprika, Red Pepper.) Activities

Carambola Averrhoa Carambola
CARAMBOLA (Averrhoa carambola L.) ++ Activities (Carambola) : - Abortifacient (f; WO2); Antidote (f; WO2); Antiinflamma

Caraway Carum Carvi
CARAWAY (Carum carvi L.) ++ Synonym : - Carum velenovskyi Rohlena. Activities (Caraway) : - Anthelminthic (f

Cardamom Elettaria Cardamomum
CARDAMOM (Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton) ++ Synonym : - Amomum cardamomum L. Activities (Cardamom) : - Abo

Carnation Carob Ceratonia Siliqua
CARNATION (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) ++ Activities (Carnation) : - Alexeteric (f; WOI); Allergenic (1; X10400858); Anth

Carrot Daucus Carota
CARROT (Daucus carota L. subsp. sativus (Hoffm.) Arcang.) ++ Activities (Carrot) : - Abortifacient (f; WBB; WOI); Anthe

Cascara Sagrada Frangula Purshiana
CASCARA SAGRADA (Frangula purshiana (DC.) J. G. Cooper) + Synonym : - Rhamnus purshiana DC. Activities (Cascara

Cascarilla Croton Eluteria Cashew
CASCARILLA (Croton eluteria (L.) Sw.) + Synonym : - Clutia eluteria L. Activities (Cascarilla) : - Antisepti

Cassia Cinnamomum Aromaticum Nees
CASSIA (Cinnamomum aromaticum Nees) +++   Synonym : Cinnamomum cassia auct. (Chinese cassia, Chinese cinnamon, as d

Cassie Cedar Of Lebanon
CASSIE (Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd.) ++ Synonyms : - A. smallii Isely, Mimosa farnesiana L. Activities (Cassi

Castor Ricinus Communis
CASTOR (Ricinus communis L.) + Activities (Castor) : - Analgesic (1; APA; CRC); Antiabsorptive (f; PH2); Antibacterial

Catechu Black Cutch Catgut
CATECHU, BLACK CUTCH (Acacia catechu (L. f.) Willd.) ++ Synonym : - Mimosa catechu L. f. Activities (Catechu) :

Cats Claw Uncaria Tomentosa
CATS CLAW (Uncaria tomentosa (Willd. ex Schult.) DC.) ++ Synonym : - Nauclea tomentosa Willd. ex Schult. Activi

Cauliflower Brassica Oleracea Var
CAULIFLOWER (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.) +++ The USDA lists only two varieties of cauliflower, the darker purple o

Cedar Juniperus Virginiana
RED CEDAR (Juniperus virginiana L.) ++ Activities (Red Cedar) : Abortifacient (1; CEB; DEM); Antiaggregant (f; CEB); A

Celandine Chelidonium Majus
CELANDINE (Chelidonium majus L.) + Activities (Celandine) : - Abortifacient (f; MAD); Alterative (f; CRC; PNC); Analges

Celery Apium Graveolens
CELERY (Apium graveolens L.) +++ Activities (Celery) : - Abortifacient (f; CAN; KAB); Analgesic (1; FEL; FNF; KAB; PED)

Celery Leaved Buttercup Ranunculus
CELERY-LEAVED BUTTERCUP (Ranunculus sceleratus L.) + Activities (Celery-Leaved Buttercup) : - Allergenic (1; FNF); Anal

Centaury European Centaury
CENTAURY, EUROPEAN CENTAURY (Centaurium erythraea Rafn) ++ Synonyms : - Centaurium minus auct., Centaurium umbellatum G

Chaff Flower Achyranthes Aspera
CHAFF-FLOWER (Achyranthes aspera L.) ++ Activities (Chaff-Flower) : - Abortifacient (1; DEP; SKJ; WO2; ZUL); Alterative

Chamomile Matricaria Recutita
CHAMOMILE (Matricaria recutita L.) +++ Synonyms : - Chamomilla recutita (L.) Rauschert, M. chamomilla auct. Act

Champac Chayote Sechium Edule
CHAMPAC (Michelia champaca L.) ++ Activities (Champac) : - Abortifacient (f; SKJ); Alexeteric (f; KAB); Antifertility (

Chaparral Creosoe Bush
CHAPARRAL, CREOSOTE BUSH (Larrea tridentata (Sessé & Moc. ex DC.) Coville) X Synonyms :, - L. mexicana Moric., Zygo

Chasteberry Vitex Agnus Castus
CHASTEBERRY (Vitex agnus-castus L.) ++ Activities (Chasteberry) : - Analgesic (1; BGB); Anaphrodisiac (f; BRU; MAB); An

Chaulmoogra Hydnocarpus Spp
CHAULMOOGRA (Hydnocarpus spp.) X The medicinally most important species in this taxonomically difficult genus are Hydnocar

Chebulic Myrobalan Haritali
CHEBULIC MYROBALAN, HARITALI (Terminalia chebula Retz.) + Unfortunately, PH2 gives the common name, tropical almond (more

Cheken Cherry Laurel
CHEKEN (Luma chequen (Molina) A. Gray.) ++ Synonyms : - Eugenia chequen Molina, Myrtus chequen. Activities (Che

Chickpea Gram Cicer Arietinum
CHICKPEA, GRAM (Cicer arietinum L.) +++ Activities (Chickpea) . - Anthelminthic (f; WO2); Antianemic (1; FNF); Antiathe

Chickweed Stellaria Media
CHICKWEED (Stellaria media (L.) Vill.) ++ Synonym : - Alsine media L. Activities (Chickweed) : - Antiinflamm

Chicory Cichorium Intybus
CHICORY (Cichorium intybus L.) +++ Synonyms : - C. intybus var. foliosum Hegi, C. intybus var. sativum (Bisch.) Janch.

China Rose Chinese Club Moss
CHINA ROSE (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.) ++ Activities (China Rose) : - Analgesic (1; TRA); Antiestrogenic (1; AAB; TRA);

Chinaberry Melia Azedarach
CHINABERRY (Melia azedarach L.) + Synonyms : - M. azedarach var. japonica (G. Don) Makino, M. toosendan Siebold & Z

Chinese Cucumber Trichosanthes Kirilowii
CHINESE CUCUMBER (Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim.) X Activities (Chinese Cucumber) : - Abortifacient (1; FAY); Antisepti

Chinese Motherwort Leonurus Japonicus
CHINESE MOTHERWORT (Leonurus japonicus Houtt.) + Synonyms : - L. artemisia (Lour.) S.Y. Hu, L. heterophyllus Sweet, L.

Chinese Olive Canarium Vulgare
CHINESE OLIVE (Canarium vulgare Leenh.) ++ Synonym : C. commune auct. The herbal PDR takes the easy way out and calls C

Chinese Peony Paeonia Lactiflora
CHINESE PEONY (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.) + Synonyms : - P. edulis Salisb., P. fragrans Redoute. Activities (Chi

Chinese Quininefeve Flower
CHINESE QUININE, FEVER FLOWER (Dichroa febrifuga Lour.) + Activities (Chinese Quinine) : - Antiarrhythmic (1; DAA); Ant

Chinese Senega Root Chinese Pink
CHINESE SENEGA ROOT (Polygala tenuifolia Willd.) ++ Activities (Chinese Senega Root) : Anticonvulsant (1; KEB); Anxioly

Chirata Swertia Chirayita
CHIRATA (Swertia chirayita (Roxb. ex Fleming) H. Karst.) ++ Synonyms : - Gentiana chirata Wall., G. chirayita Roxb. ex

Chiricsanango Brunfelsia Grandiflora
CHIRICSANANGO (Brunfelsia grandiflora D. Don.) X I have aggregated the three most popular Amazon species, doubting that th

Chives Chlorella Chlorella Spp
CHIVES (Allium schoenoprasum L.) +++ Synonyms : - A. schoenoprasum var. alpinum DC., Allium sibiricum L. Activi

Chocolate Vine Chokecherry Bitter Berry
CHOCOLATE-VINE (Akebia quinata (Thunb.) Decne.) ++ Activities (Chocolate-Vine) : - Analgesic (f; DAA; PH2); Antiedemic

Christmas Rose Black Hellebore
CHRISTMAS ROSE, BLACK HELLEBORE (Helleborus niger L.) X Activities (Christmas Rose) : - Abortifacient (f; PHR; PH2); An

Chryanthemum Mum Chrysanthemum
CHRYSANTHEMUM, MUM (Chrysanthemum x morifolium Ramat.) ++ Synonyms : - Anthemis grandiflorum Ramat., A. stipulacea Moen

Cilantro Eryngium Foetidum
CILANTRO (Eryngium foetidum L.) + The name cilantro is also applied to leaves of coriandrum. Activities (Cilantro) : B

Cinchona Quinine Redbark
CINCHONA, QUININE, REDBARK (Cinchona pubescens Vahl) + Synonym : - C. succirubra Pav. ex Klotzsch. USDA prefers thi

Cinnamon Cinnamomum Verum
CINNAMON (Cinnamomum verum J. Presl) +++ Synonyms : - C. zeylanicum Blume, Laurus cinnamomum L. I have aggregated c

Cinnamon Vine Chinese Yam Clary
CINNAMON-VINE, CHINESE YAM (Dioscorea batatas Decne.) ++ Synonym : - Dioscorea opposita auct. Activities (Cinna

Cleavers Galium Aparine
CLEAVERS (Galium aparine L.) ++ Activities (Cleavers) : - Alterative (f; DAA; EFS; PNC); Antibacterial (1; APA); Antidy

Clematis Clýmbing Potato
CLEMATIS (Clematis recta L.) + EFS, properly methinks, treat C. recta and C. vitalba, as a unity. Activities (Clem

Cloves Syzygium Aromaticum
CLOVES (Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & L. M. Perry) +++ Synonyms : - Caryophyllus aromaticus L., Eugenia aromatic

Clubmoss Lycopodium Clavatum
CLUBMOSS (Lycopodium clavatum L.) ++ Activities (Clubmoss) : - Analgesic (f; DEM); Antispasmodic (f; EFS; HHB); Aphrodi

Clusterleaf Cocillana Guarea Rusbyi
CLUSTERLEAF (Terminalia sericea Burch ex DC.) + Activities (Clusterleaf): - Antibacterial (1; HDN); Antiemetic (f; ZIM)

Coca Erythroxylum Coca Lam
COCA (Erythroxylum coca Lam.) + Activities (Coca) : - Analgesic (f; CRC; HHB); Anesthetic (1; CRC; PHR; PH2); Antibacte

Cockscomb Celosia Argentea Cristata
COCKSCOMB (Celosia argentea L. var. cristata (L.) Kuntze) +++ Synonym : - C. cristata L. Foster and Yue treat flowe

Coconut Cocos Nucifera
COCONUT (Cocos nucifera L.) +++   Activities (Coconut) : - Anthelmintic (f; DAD; MPI); Antibacterial (f; DAD); Anti

Codonopsis Codonopsis Spp
CODONOPSIS (Codonopsis spp.) + Activities (Codonopsis) : - Adrenolytic (1; LAF); Antiaging (1; APA); Antihistaminic (f;

Coffee Coffea Arabica
COFFEE (Coffea arabica L.) ++ Activities (Coffee) : - Absorbent (2; PHR); Analeptic (1; PHR; PH2); Analgesic (1; CRC; P

Coffee Senna Senna Occidentalis
COFFEE SENNA (Senna occidentalis (L.) Link.) + Synonym Cassia occidentalis L. Activities (Coffee Senna) : - A

Cola Cola Spp
COLA (Cola spp.) ++ Activities (Cola) : - Analeptic (1; KOM; PHR; PH2); Anorectic (1; CRC; PHR); Antidepressant (f; CAN

Coleus Plectranthus Barbatus Andrews
COLEUS (Plectranthus barbatus Andrews) ++ Synonyms ; - Coleus barbatus (Andrews) Benth., Coleus forskohlii auct., P. fo

Coloctnth Bitter Apple Wild Gourd
COLOCYNTH, BITTER APPLE, WILD GOURD (Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad.) X Synonyms : - Colocynthis vulgaris Schrad., C

Colombo Jateorhiza Palmata
COLOMBO (Jateorhiza palmata (Lam.) Miers) + Synonyms : - Cocculus palmatus DC, Jateorhiza calumba Miers., J. miersii Ol

Colorado Four O Clok Columbine
COLORADO FOUR OCLOCK (Mirabilis multiflora (Torr.) A. Gray) + Synonyms ; - Oxybaphus multiflorus Torr., Quamoclidion mu

Coltsfoot Tussilago Farfara
COLTSFOOT (Tussilago farfara L.) + Activities (Coltsfoot) : - Antiaggregant (1; APA; CAN); Antibacterial (1; CAN; CRC;

Comfrey Symphytum Spp
COMFREY (Symphytum spp.) + Most contributors cited S. officinale but few studies are vouchered and the species are difficu

Common Buckthorn Rhamnus Cathartica
COMMON BUCKTHORN (Rhamnus cathartica L.) + Activities (Common Buckthorn) : - Antitumor (1; FNF; HOX; PNC); Collyrium (f

Common Daffodil Common Gromwell
COMMON DAFFODIL (Narcissus pseudonarcissus L.) X Activities (Common Daffodil): - Antimitotic (1; HHB); Antispasmodic (f

Common Reed Contrahierba
COMMON REED (Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.) ++ Synonyms : - Arundo phragmites L., A. vulgaris Lam., P. co

Condor Plant Eagle Vine
CONDOR PLANT, EAGLE VINE (Marsdenia cundurango Rchb. f.) + Synonym : - Marsdenia reichenbachii Triana. Often spelled Co

Conessi Kurchi Holarrhena Pubescens
CONESSI, KURCHI (Holarrhena pubescens Wall. ex G. Don) + Synonyms : - Chonemorpha antidysenterica (Roxb. ex Fleming) G.

Congorosa Maytenus Ilicifolia Marf
CONGOROSA (Maytenus ilicifolia Marf. ex Reissek) +   Activities (Congorosa) : - Antibacterial (1; HH2); Antisarcomi

Copaiba Coral Bean
COPAIBA (Copaifera langsdorfii Desf.) + Activities (Copaiba) : - Antibacterial (1; PH2); Antiseptic (1; JAD; PH2); Carm

Coral Root Cornflower Bachelors Button
CORAL ROOT (Corallorhiza odontorrhiza) + Activities (Coral Root) : - Antipyretic (f; PH2); Diaphoretic (f; PH2); Sedati

Coriander Coriandrum Sativum
CORIANDER (Coriandrum sativum L.) ++ (Leaves sometimes called cilantro.) Activities (Coriander) : - Alexeteric (f;

Corn Poppy Corn Poppy
CORN POPPY (Papaver rhoeas L.) + Activities (Corn Poppy) : - Analgesic (f; PH2; PNC); Antibacterial (f; PH2); Antiinfla

Corn Silk Zea Mays
CORN SILK (Zea mays L.) +++ Activities (Corn Silk) : - Antiedemic (f; FAD); Cardiotonic (f; PHR; PH2); Cell Proliferant

Corydalis Corydalis Ambigua Cham
CORYDALIS (Corydalis ambigua Cham. & Schltdl. and/or C. yanhusuo) (Y. H. Chou & Chun. C. Hsu) W. T. Wang) + HH

Costus Kuth Saussurea Costus
COSTUS, KUTH (Saussurea costus (Falc.) Lipsch) ++ Synonyms : - Aplotaxis lappa Decne., Aucklandia costus Falc., Saussur

Cottontree Cochlospermum Religiosum
COTTONTREE (Cochlospermum religiosum (L.) Alston.) ++ Synonyms : - Bombax gossypium L., C. gossypium (L.) DC., Maximili

Couchgrass Qquackgrass Elytrigia Repens
COUCHGRASS, QUACKGRASS (Elytrigia repens (L.) Desv. ex Nevski) ++ Synonyms : - Agropyron firmum J. Presl, A. repens (L.

Cow Parsnip Heracleum Sphondylium
COW PARSNIP (Heracleum sphondylium L.) + Activities (Cow Parsnip) : - Allergenic (1; FNF; PH2); Anthelmintic (f; HHB);

Cowitch Cowhage Velvetbean
COWITCH, COWHAGE, VELVETBEAN (Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC.) ++ Activities (Cowitch) : - Alexeteric (f; DEP); Analgesic (f;

Cowslip Primula Veris
COWSLIP (Primula veris L.) ++ Synonym : - P. officinalis (L.) Hill. Activities (Cowslip) : - Allergenic (1;

Crampbark Viburnum Opulus
CRAMPBARK (Viburnum opulus L.) ++ PH2 was nice with this one, treating the American Viburnum prunifolium and ignoring the

Cranberry Vaccinium Macrocarpum Aiton
CRANBERRY (Vaccinium macrocarpum Aiton) +++ Synonym : - Oxycoccus macrocarpos (Aiton) Pers. Activities (Cranber

Cranesbill Geranium Maculatum
CRANESBILL (Geranium maculatum L.) ++ Activities (Cranesbill) : - Antiseptic (1; CEB; CRC); Astringent (1; CRC; PH2); C

Creat Andrographis Paniculata
CREAT (Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Wall. ex Nees.) + Synonym : - Justicia paniculata Burm. f. Activities

Cubeb Piper Cubeba
CUBEB (Piper cubeba L. f.) ++ Activities (Cubeb) : - Antibacterial (1; MPI); Antiseptic (1; MPI; PH2); Antiviral (1; PN

Cuckoopint Arum Cudweed
CUCKOOPINT, ARUM (Arum maculatum L.) X Activities (Cuckoopint) : - Diaphoretic (f; EFS; PH2); Expectorant (f; EFS; PH2)

Culebra Cyclamen Cyclamen Europaeum
CULEBRA (Brugmansia aurea Lagerh.) X Synonym : - Methysticodendron amesianum R. E. Schultes. Activities (Culebr

Cumin Cuminum Cyminum
CUMIN (Cuminum cyminum L.) +++ Synonym : - C. odorum Salisb. Activities (Cumin) : - Abortifacient (f; BIB; P

Cupmoss Cup Plant
CUPMOSS (Cladonia pyxidata (L.) E. Fries.) ++ Activities (Cupmoss) : - Antitussive (f; PH2); Expectorant (f; EFS; PH2).

Curryleaf Murraya Koenigii
CURRYLEAF (Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng.) + Synonyms : - Bergera koenigii L., Chalcas koenigii (L.) Kurz. Activ

Cypress Mediterranean Cypress Spurge
CYPRESS (MEDITERRANEAN) (Cupressus sempervirens L.) ++ Synonym : - C. sempervirens var. stricta Aiton. Activiti

Daffodil Narcissus Tazetta
DAFFODIL (Narcissus tazetta L.) X Synonym : - Narcissus canaliculatus Guss. Hagers Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Pr

Damiana Turnera Diffusa Willd
DAMIANA (Turnera diffusa Willd. ex Schult.) ++ Synonym : - Turnera microphylla Desv. ex Ham. Activities (Damian

Dandelion Taraxacum Officinale
DANDELION (Taraxacum officinale G. H. Weber ex Wigger f.) +++ Synonyms : - Leontodon taraxacum L., Taraxacum dens-leoni

Darnel Lolium Temulentum
DARNEL (Lolium temulentum L.) X Activities (Darnel) : - Analgesic (f; CRC); Depurative (f; CRC; MAD); Narcotic (1; CRC)

Date Palm Phoenix Dactylifera
DATE PALM (Phoenix dactylifera L.) +++ Activities (Date) : - Antipyretic (f; BIB); Aphrodisiac (f; BIB; DEP); Candidici

Daylily Hemerocallis Fulva
DAYLILY (Hemerocallis fulva (L.) L.) + Synonyms : Cemerocallis fulva var. kwanso Regel, H. fulva var. rosea Stout, H. l

Death Angel Justicia Pectoralis
DEATH ANGEL (Justicia pectoralis Jacq.) + Activities (Death Angel) : - Abortifacient (1; FNF); Antiaggregant (1; FNF);

Deer Tongue Deodar Cedar
DEER TONGUE (Trilisa odoratissima (Walter ex J. F. Gmel.) Cass.) + Synonym : Carphephorus odoratissimus (J. F. Gmel.) H

Devil Pepper Divining Sage
DEVIL-PEPPER (Rauvolfia tetraphylla L.) + Synonyms : - R. canescens L., R. heterophylla Roem. & Schult., R. hirsuta

Devils Claw Harpagophytum Procumbens
DEVILS CLAW (Harpagophytum procumbens (Burch.) DC ex. Meisn.) ++ Synonym : Uncaria procumbens Burch. Activities

Digitalis Digitalis Purpurea
DIGITALIS (Digitalis purpurea L.) X Activities (Digitalis) : - Antidote (f; CRC); Antitumor (1; CRC); Cardiotonic (f; C

Dill Anethum Graveolens
DILL (Anethum graveolens L.) ++ Synonyms : A. sowa Roxb. ex Fleming, Peucedanum graveolens (L.) Benth. & Hook f. B

Divi Divi Caesalpinia Bonduc
DIVI-DIVI (Caesalpinia bonduc (L.) Roxb.) ++ Synonyms : Caesalpinia bonducella (L.) Fleming, C. crista auct. Amer., Gui

Dodder Clover Dodo Kankan
DODDER, CLOVER DODDER (Cuscuta epithymum (L.) L.) +  Synonym : C. europaea var. epithymum L. Activities (Do

Dogbane Indian Hemp
DOGBANE, INDIAN HEMP (Apocynum cannabinum L.) X Synonym : A. suksdorfii Greene. Activities (Dogbane) : Abort

Dogwood Cornus Florida
DOGWOOD (Cornus florida L.) ++ Activities (Dogwood) : - Analgesic (f; DEM); Antidote (f; DEM); Antiplasmodial (1; PHR);

Dokudami Chamaleon Plant
DOKUDAMI, CHAMALEON PLANT (Houttuynia cordata Thunb.) ++ Activities (Dokudami) : - Antibacterial (1; DAA); Anticapillar

Dong Quai Angelica Sinensis
DONG QUAI (Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels) + Synonym : - Angelica polymorpha var. sinensis Oliv. Activities (D

Douglas Fir Dragons Blood
DOUGLAS FIR (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco.) + Activities (Douglas Fir) : - Antidote, cicuta (f; DEM); Antisepti

Dragons Blood Palm Duckweed
DRAGONS BLOOD PALM (Daemonorops draco (Willd.) Blume) + Synonym : Calamus draco Willd. Activities (Dragons Bloo

Drosera Round Leaved Sundew
DROSERA, ROUND-LEAVED SUNDEW (Drosera rotundifolia L.) ++   One cannot tell whether the PDR entry for D. ramentacea re

Du Zhong Gutta Percha Tree
DU ZHONG, GUTTA-PERCHA TREE (Eucommia ulmoides Oliv.) ++ Activities (Du Zhong) : Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitor (1; X90280

Dumbcane Dieffenbachia Seguine
DUMBCANE (Dieffenbachia seguine (Jacq.) Schott) X Synonyms : - Arum seguine Jacq., Caladium maculatum G. Lodd., Dieffen

Dusty Miller Dutchmans Breeches
DUSTY-MILLER (Senecio cineraria DC.) X Synonym : Senecio bicolor (Willd.) Tod. Activities (Dusty-Miller) : C

Dwarf Brich Dwarf Elder
DWARF BIRCH (Betula pumila L.) ++ Synonyms : B. hallii Howell, B. pumila var. fastigiata hort. ex Rehder. Indic

Dwarf Mallow Dyers Broom
DWARF MALLOW (Malva pusilla Sm.) +++ Synonyms : M. borealis Wallman, M. rotundifolia L. Activities (Dwarf Mallo

Dyers Woad Dysentery Bark
DYERS WOAD (Isatis tinctoria L.) + Activities (Dyers Woad) : Antiaggregant (1; X3416386); Antidermatophytic (1; X736749

Eastern Larch Eastern Mistletoe
EASTERN LARCH (Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch) ++ Synonym : Pinus laricina Du Roi. Activities (Eastern Larch)

Echinacea Purple Coneflower Echinacea
ECHINACEA, PURPLE CONEFLOWER (Echinacea spp.) +++   True Confessions: I have taken the heretical view here of believin

Eclipta Eclipta Prostrata
ECLIPTA (Eclipta prostrata (L.) L.) ++ Synonyms : Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk., E. punctata L., Verbesina alba L., Verbesin

Eggplant Solanum Melongena
EGGPLANT (Solanum melongena L.) ++ Activities (Eggplant) : Antianaphylactic (1; X11352546); Antiatherosclerotic (1; X41

El Nene Endive Cichorium Endivia
EL NENE (Solenostemon scutellarioides (L.) Codd) + Synonyms : Coleus blumei Benth., C. blumei var. verschaffeltii (Lem.

Elderberry Sambucus Canadensis
ELDERBERRY (Sambucus canadensis L.) +++   Activities (Elderberry) : - Alterative (f; CRC); Analgesic (f; CRC); Anti

Elecampane Inula Helenium
ELECAMPANE (Inula helenium L.) ++   Activities (Elecampane) : - Alterative (PNC); Anthelminthic (1; PED; PH2); Anti

Elm Bark European Field Elm
ELM BARK, EUROPEAN FIELD ELM (Ulmus minor Mill.) +++ Synonyms : U. campestris L., U. carpinifolia Gled., U. carpin

Emblic Myrobalan Phyllanthus Emblica
EMBLIC MYROBALAN (Phyllanthus emblica L.) ++ Synonyms Emblica officinalis Gaertn., Mirobalanus embilica Burm. Ac

English Adders Tongue Daisy
ENGLISH ADDERS TONGUE (Ophioglossum vulgatum L.) ++ Activities (English Adders Tongue) : - Antiseptic (f; DAA; EFS; PH2

English Holly Ilex Aquifolium
ENGLISH HOLLY (Ilex aquifolium L.) + Synonyms : - I. aquifolium f. bacciflava (Weston) Rehder, I. aquifolium f. ferox (

English Walnut Juglans Regia
ENGLISH WALNUT (Juglans regia L.) + Synonyms : - J. duclouxiana Dode, J. fallax Dode, J. kamaonica (C. DC.) Dode, J. or

Ephedra Ma Huang Ephedra
EPHEDRA, MA HUANG (Ephedra spp.) XXX   Usually referred to as Ephedra sinica Stapf. Activities (Ephedra) :

Ergot Eryngo Eryngium Campestre
ERGOT (Claviceps purpurea) X Activities (Ergot) : Ecbolic (1; EFS); Emmenagogue (1; EFS); Hemostat (1; EFS); Toxic (1;E

Ethiopian Pepper Xylopia Aethiopica
ETHIOPIAN PEPPER (Xylopia aethiopica (Dunal) A. Rich.) ++ Activities (Ethiopian Pepper) : - Abortifacient (f; UPW); Ant

Eucalyptus Eucalyptus Globulus Labill
EUCALYPTUS (Eucalyptus globulus Labill.) ++ Activities (Eucalyptus) : - Analgesic (1; TRA); Anesthetic (1; CRC); Anthel

Euphorbia Chamaesyce Hirta
EUPHORBIA (Chamaesyce hirta (L.) Millsp.) + Synonyms : - Euphorbia hirta L., E. pilulifera L. Activities (Eupho

European Ash Fraxinus Excelsior
EUROPEAN ASH (Fraxinus excelsior L.) ++ Activities (European Ash) : Analgesic (1; PH2); Antibacterial (1; PNC); Antiinf

European Corn Mint
EUROPEAN CORN MINT (Mentha arvensis L.) +++ Synonyms : M. austriaca Jacq., M. gentilis L. I have a great respect fo

European Elder Sambucus Nigra
EUROPEAN ELDER (Sambucus nigra L.) +++ Synonyms : - S. nigra f. alba (Weston) Rehder, f. aurea (Sweet) Schwer., f. lanc

European Five Finger CinQuefoil
EUROPEAN FIVE-FINGER, CINQUEFOIL (Potentilla reptans L.) ++ Activities (European Five-Finger) : - Antipyretic (f; WOI);

European Larch Vater Hemlock
EUROPEAN LARCH (Larix decidua Mill.)++ Synonyms : Larix europaea DC., Pinus larix L. Activities (European Larch

European Pennyroyal Mentha Pulegium
EUROPEAN PENNYROYAL (Mentha pulegium L.) X Synonym : Pulegium vulgare Mill. Activities (European Pennyroyal) :

European Peony Paeonia Officinalis
EUROPEAN PEONY (Paeonia officinalis L.) + Activities (European Peony) : - Abortifacient (f; PHR; PH2); Alterative (f; C

European Yew Taxus Baccata
EUROPEAN YEW (Taxus baccata L.) X Synonyms : - T. baccata var. aurea Carrière, var. fastigiata (Lindl.) Loudon, var. fa

Evening Primrose Oenothera Biennis
EVENING PRIMROSE (Oenothera biennis L.) +++ Synonyms : - O. acutifolia Rostanski, O. biennis var. sulfurea Kleb., O. ch

Evodia Tetradium Ruticarpum
EVODIA (Tetradium ruticarpum (A. Juss.) T. G. Hartley) ++ Synonyms : Boymia ruticarpa A. Juss., Euodia bodinieri Dode,

Eyebright Euphrasia Spp
EYEBRIGHT (Euphrasia spp.) + Taxonomy very murky. PH2 entries purportedly refer to E. officinalis, a synonym of E. rostkov

Faba Bean Vicia Faba
FABA BEAN (Vicia faba L.) ++ Activities (Faba Bean) : - Antialcoholic (2; HAD); Antiangiogenic (1; FNF); Antiparkinsoni

Fair Flax False Schisandra
FAIRY FLAX, MOUNTAIN FLAX (Linum catharticum L.) + Activities (Fairy Flax) : Bitter (f; PH2); Emetic (f; PH2); Diuretic

False Unicorn Root Devils Bit
FALSE UNICORN ROOT, DEVILS BIT (Chamaelirium luteum (L.) A. Gray) + Synonyms : - Helonias dioica; and in the PH2, Verat

Fang Ji Fever Bark
FANG JI, HAN FANG JI (Stephania tetrandra S. Moore) + Activities (Fang Ji) : Analgesic (1; DAA); Antiaggregant (1; KEB)

Fennel Foeniculum Vulgare Mill
FENNEL (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) ++ Activities (Fennel) : - Abortifacient (1; CRC); Alexeteric (f; KAB); Analgesic (1;

Fenugreek Trigonella Foenum Graecum
FENUGREEK (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) +++ Activities (Fenugreek) : - Analgesic (f; MAD); Anesthetic (1; TAD); Antiat

Feverfew Tanacetum Parthenium
FEVERFEW (Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Sch. Bip.) ++ Synonyms : - Chrysanthemum parthenium (L.) Bernh., C. praealtum Vent.

Field Scabious Knautia Arvensis
FIELD SCABIOUS (Knautia arvensis (L.) Coult.) ++ Synonyms: - Scabiosa arvensis L., Trichera arvensis Schrader.

Fig Ficus Carica
FIG (Ficus carica L.) ++   Activities (Fig) : - Alexeteric (f; BIB); Allergenic (1; HH3); Anticancer (1; X11473446)

Figword Scrophularia Nodosa
FIGWORT (Scrophularia nodosa L.) + Activities (Figwort) : Alterative (f; FEL); Analgesic (f; EFS; FEL); Antiinflammator

Fireweed Epilobium Angustifolium
FIREWEED (Epilobium angustifolium L.) ++   Synonyms : - Chamaenerion angustifolium (L.) Scop., Chamerion angustifol

Fish Berry Foam Flower
FISH BERRY, LEVANT NUT (Anamirta cocculus (L.) Wight & Arn.) + Synonyms : - Anamirta paniculata Colebr., Menispermu

Five Leaved Chaste Tree
FIVE-LEAVED CHASTE TREE, HUANG JING (Vitex negundo L.) ++ Activities (Five-Leaved Chaste Tree) : - Alterative (f; EFS);

Flannelweed Country Mallow
FLANNELWEED, COUNTRY MALLOW (Sida cordifolia L.) ++ Activities (Flannelweed) : - Abortifacient (f; HDN); Alterative (f;

Flax Linum Usitatissimum
FLAX (Linum usitatissimum L.) +++ Synonyms : - Linum crepitans (Boenn.) Dumort., L. humile Mill., L. usitatissimum subs

Fo Ti Polygonum Multiflorum Thunb
FO-TI (Polygonum multiflorum Thunb.) +++ Activities (Fo-Ti) : - Antiaging (2; AKT; APA; FAY; KEB; LAF); Antiatheroscler

Fools Parsley Forget Me Not
FOOLS PARSLEY (Aethusa cynapium L.) X Activities (Fools Parsley) : Antispasmodic (f; EFS); Hallucinogen (f; CRC); Poiso

Forsythia Golden Bells
FORSYTHIA, GOLDEN BELLS (Forsythia suspensa (Thunb.) Vahl) ++ Synonym : - Syringa suspensa Thunb. Activities (F

Four O Clock Mirabilis Jalapa
FOUR OCLOCK (Mirabilis jalapa L.) + Activities (Four OClock) : Alterative (f; DAW); Antiabortive (f; JFM); Antiseptic (

Fragrant Sumac Rhus Aromatica
FRAGRANT SUMAC (Rhus aromatica Aiton)+ + Synonym : Rhus canadensis Marshall. Activities (Fragrant Sumac) : A

Frangula Alder Buckthorn
FRANGULA, ALDER BUCKTHORN, GLOSSY BUCKTHORN (Frangula alnus Mill.) + Synonyms : - Rhamnus frangula L., Rhamnus frangula

Frankincense Olibanum Frasers Fir
FRANKINCENSE, OLIBANUM (Boswellia sacra Flueck.) ++ Synonym : Boswellia carteri Birdw. (HHB and WO2 data refer to B

Fringetree Frost Mint
FRINGETREE (Chionanthus virginicus L.) + Activities (Fringetree) : Alterative (f; CRC; EFS; FAD); Aperient (f; CRC; EFS

Frostwort Fucus Bladderwrack
FROSTWORT (Helianthemum canadense (L.) Michx.) + Activities (Frostwort) : Alterative (f; EFS); Astringent (f; EFS; HHB;

Fumitory Fumaria Officinalis
FUMITORY (Fumaria officinalis L.) + Activities (Fumitory) : - Amphicholeretic (1; BRU; HHB; PHR; PH2); Anesthetic (1; H

Galanga Kaempferia Galanga
GALANGA (Kaempferia galanga L.) ++ See also lesser and greater galangal (Alpinia galanga (L.) Sw.); very confusing. B

Galbanum Ferula Gummosa Boiss
GALBANUM (Ferula gummosa Boiss.) + Synonym : - Ferula galbaniflua Boiss. & Buhse. Activities (Galbanum) : B

Gambir Pale Catechu Gamboge
GAMBIR, PALE CATECHU (Uncaria gambir (W. Hunter) Roxb.) + Synonyms : Nauclea gambir W. Hunter, Ourouparia gambir (W. Hu

Garden Cress Lepidium Sativum
GARDEN CRESS (Lepidium sativum L.) ++ Activities (Garden Cress) :  - Abortifacient (f; DEP; PH2); Antibacterial (1

Gardenia Cape Jasmine
GARDENIA, CAPE JASMINE (Gardenia jasminoides J. Ellis) ++ Synonyms : G. augusta Merr., G. florida L., G. radicans Thunb

Garlic Allium Sativum
GARLIC (Allium sativum L.) +++ For much more information, see Koch & Lawsons excellent Garlic Book (LAW). Activiti

Garlic Veed Gbanja Kola
GARLIC WEED (Petiveria alliacea L.) + Activities ( Garlic Weed) : Abortifacient (1; 60P; TRA; WOI; X1841991); Analgesic

Gentian Gentiana Lutea
GENTIAN (Gentiana lutea L.) ++ Activities (Gentian) : - Analgesic (1; HHB); Antiemetic (1, BGB); Antiinflammatory (1; A

German Ipecac German Sarsaparilla
GERMAN IPECAC, WHITE SWALLOWWORT (Vincetoxicum hirundinaria Medik.) + Synonyms : Asclepias vincetoxicum L., Cynanchum v

Giant Milkweed Calotropis Gigantea
GIANT MILKWEED (Calotropis gigantea (L.) W. T. Aiton) X Synonyms : - Asclepias gigantea L. C. procera, with very simila

Ginger Bush Tetradenia Riparia
GINGER BUSH (Tetradenia riparia (Hochst.) Codd.) + Synonym : Iboza riparia (Hochst.) N. E. Br., Moschosma riparia Hochs

Ginger Zingiber Officinale Roscoe
GINGER (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) +++ Synonym : Amomum zingiber L. Activities (Ginger) : Analgesic (1; FAY

Ginkgo Maidenhair Tree
GINKGO, MAIDENHAIR TREE (Ginkgo biloba L.) + (Downgraded for safety) Activities (Ginkgo) : - Antiaggregant (2; BGB; KOM

Ginseng Oriental Ginseng
GINSENG, ORIENTAL GINSENG (Panax ginseng C.A. Mey.) +++   Synonym : - Panax schinseng T. Nees. Regrettably,

Glory Lily Gloriosa Superba
GLORY-LILY (Gloriosa superba L.) X Synonym : Clinostylis speciosa Hochst., Gloriosa abyssinica A. Rich., G. homblei De

Glossy Frivet Ligustrum Lucidum
GLOSSY PRIVET (Ligustrum lucidum W. T. Aiton) ++ Activities (Glossy Privet) : - Analgesic (f; DAA; FAY); Antiallergic (

Goats Rue Golden Chain Tree
GOATS RUE (Galega officinalis L.) + Activities (Goats Rue) : Alterative (f; KOM); Antiaggregant (f; PH2); Antidiabetic

Golden Dewdrop Golden Eye Grass
GOLDEN DEWDROP (Duranta erecta L.) + Synonym : D. plumieri Jacq., D. repens L. Activities (Golden Dewdrop) : BR

Golden Shower Goutweed
GOLDEN SHOWER, PURGING CASSIA (Cassia fistula L.) + Activities (Golden Shower) : Abortifacient (f; JFM); Alexeteric (f;

Goldenrod Solidago Virgaurea
GOLDENROD (Solidago virgaurea L.) ++ With good reason, many authors have taken a generic approach to Solidago. EFS aggrega

Goldenseal Hydrastis Canadensis
GOLDENSEAL (Hydrastis canadensis L.) + Activities (Goldenseal) : - Alterative (1; CRC; PNC); Amebicide (1; FNF; PH2); A

Goldthread Coptis Spp
GOLDTHREAD (Coptis spp.) + Coptis chinensis Franch., Coptis deltoides C.Y. Cheng & Hsiao, Coptis japonica (Thunb.) Mak

Gotu Kola Centella Asiatica
GOTU KOLA (Centella asiatica (L.) Urb.) ++ Synonym : - Hydrocotyle asiatica L., H. erecta L. f. Some WBB entries ma

Grains Of Paradise Granadilla
GRAINS-OF-PARADISE (Aframomum melegueta K. Schum.) ++ Synonym : Amomum melegueta Roscoe. Activities (Grains-of-

Grape Vitis Vinifera
GRAPE (Vitis vinifera L.) +++ See also grapeseed where entries refer strictly to the seed; here I include all the folklore

Grapefruit Grape Seed
GRAPEFRUIT (Citrus x paradisi Macfad.) ++ Activities (Grapefruit) : Antioxidant (1; JNU); Antinitrosaminic (1; JNU); An

Gravel Root Gray Walleflower
GRAVEL ROOT (Eupatorium purpureum L.) + Synonym : Eupatoriadelphus purpureus (L.) R. M. King & H. Rob. Acti

Greater Galangal Alpinia Galanga
GREATER GALANGAL (Alpinia galanga (L.) Sw.) ++ Synonyms : Languas galanga (L.) Stuntz., Maranta galanga L. Historically

Greater Periwinkle Vinca Major
GREATER PERIWINKLE (Vinca major L.) + Most authors suggest that the greater and lesser periwinkle are generically intercha

Greek Oregano Green Alder
GREEK OREGANO (Salvia fruticosa Mill.) +++ Synonym : Salvia triloba L. f. I suspect that this could be used interch

Green Hellebore Ground Pine
GREEN HELLEBORE (Helleborus viridis L.) X Activities (Green Hellebore) : Bradycardic (1; HHB); Cardiac (f; EFS); Diuret

Green Or Black Tea
GREEN or BLACK TEA (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze) ++ Activities (Green or Black Tea) : - ACE Inhibitor (1; WO2); Amebi

Ground Ivy Glechoma Hederacea
GROUND IVY (Glechoma hederacea L.) ++ Activities (Ground Ivy) : - Alexeteric (f; CRC); Alterative (f; CRC); Analgesic (

Groundsel Senecio Vulgaris
GROUNDSEL (Senecio vulgaris L.) X Madaus, rightly or wrongly, says that S. jacobaea and S. vulgaris have the same effects.

Guaiacum Guaiacum Officinale
GUAIACUM (Guaiacum officinale L.) + Activities (Guaiacum) : - Abortifacient (f; JFM); Antiinflammatory (f; CAN; PNC); A

Guar Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba
GUAR (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.) ++ Synonyms : - Cyamopsis psoraloides (Lam.) DC., Dolichos psoraloides Lam.,

Guar Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba
GUAR (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.) ++ Synonyms : - Cyamopsis psoraloides (Lam.) DC., Dolichos psoraloides Lam.,

Guarana Paullinia Cupana Kunth
GUARANA (Paullinia cupana Kunth) ++   Activities (Guarana): - Analgesic (f; DAV); Anorectic (1; APA); Antiaggregant

Guava Psidium Guajava
GUAVA (Psidium guajava L.) ++ Synonyms : P. cujavillus Burm. f., P. pomiferum L., P. pumilum Vahl, P. pyriferum L.

Gugul Commiphora Wightii
GUGUL (Commiphora wightii (Arn.) Bhandari) ++ Synonyms : - Balsamodendrum mukul Hook. ex Stocks, B. wightii Arn., C. mu

Gulancha Heart Leaved Moonseed
GULANCHA, HEART-LEAVED MOONSEED (Tinospora cordifolia L.) + Activities (Gulancha) : Adaptogen (1; PR13:275); Alterative

Gum Arabic Acacia Senegal
GUM ARABIC (Acacia senegal (L.) Willd.) +++ Synonyms : A. verek Guill. & Perr., Mimosa senegal L., Senegalia senega

Gumweed Grindelia Squarrosa
GUMWEED (Grindelia squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal) + The Herbal PDR says that Commission E approved gumweed (Grindelia camporum)

Gymnema Gymnema Sylvestre
GYMNEMA (Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.) Schult.) + Activities (Gymnema) : - Alexeteric (f; KAB); Alterative (f; KAB); Anorec

Hairy Strophanthus Strophanthus Hispidus
HAIRY STROPHANTHUS (Strophanthus hispidus DC.) X Since the PH2 data are based on cardenolides, I have cited them also for

Haronga Harungana Madagascariensis Lam
HARONGA (Harungana madagascariensis Lam. ex Poir.) + Synonym: Haronga madagascariensis Choisy. Activities (Har

Hartstongue Heart Of Jesus
HARTSTONGUE (Asplenium scolopendrium L. var. scolopendrium) ++ Synonyms: Phyllitis scolopendrium (L.) Newm, Scolopendr

Hawthorn Crataegus Spp
HAWTHORN (Crataegus spp.) +++ Synonyms: - C. laevigata (Poir.) DC; C. oxyacantha L., C. monogyna Jacq. C. oxyacantha L

Heather Calluna Vulgaris
HEATHER (Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull.) + Activities (Heather) : Antiinflammatory (1; EFS); Antilithic (f; KOM); Antisept

Heavenly Bamboo Hedge Bindweed
HEAVENLY BAMBOO (Nandina domestica Thunb.) + Activities (Heavenly Bamboo) : Antiaging (f; DAA); Antibacterial (1; FAY);

Hedge Hyssop Gratiola Officinalis
HEDGE HYSSOP (Gratiola officinalis L.) X Activities (Hedge Hyssop) : - Cardiotonic (1; PH2); Cytotoxic (1; PNC); Digita

Hedge Mustard Hemp Agrimony
HEDGE MUSTARD (Sisymbrium officinale (L.) Scop.) ++ Synonym: Erysimum officinale L. Activities (Hedge Mustard)

Heliotrope Hemlock Tsuga Canadensis
HELIOTROPE (Heliotropium europaeum L.) + Activities (Heliotrope) : Antipyretic (f; CRC; EFS); Carcinogenic (1; CRC; FNF

Hemp Nettle Herb Paris
HEMP NETTLE (Galeopsis sp.) + Activities (Hemp Nettle) : Antiulcer (f; MAD); Astringent (1; BIS; HHB; PHR); Diuretic (f