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MECONIUM PERITONITIS
Category: Pediatric Surgery
Abstract : Meconium peritonitis (MP) is a chemical peritonitis that occurs following bowel perforation during fetal life. It is generally looked upon as benign, resulting in no long-term sequelae. The peritonitis occurs when the meconium leaves the bowel, enters the peritoneal cavity and spreads throughout causing a sterile inflammatory reaction. Most common site of bowel perforation is the distal ileum, and
Meconium peritonitis (MP) is a chemical peritonitis that occurs following bowel perforation during fetal life. It is generally looked upon as benign, resulting in no long-term sequelae. The peritonitis occurs when the meconium leaves the bowel, enters the peritoneal cavity and spreads throughout causing a sterile inflammatory reaction.
Most common site of bowel perforation is the distal ileum, and 50% of babies with MP develop intestinal obstruction. Prenatal ultrasound findings include ascites, intraabdominal masses, bowel dilatation and the development of intraabdominal calcifications. Bowel disorders which lead to MP in utero are those resulting in bowel obstruction and perforation, such as small bowel atresias, volvulus and meconium ileus. Meconium peritonitis can be divided into simple or complex. Cases with spontaneously healed perforation (simple Meconium peritonitis) need observation as they rarely develop symptoms. Newborns with complex MP are born with bowel obstruction a/or pseudocyst formation (localized collection of meconium contained in a cyst made of fibrous granulation tissue). Complex Meconium peritonitis needs surgical therapy.
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